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29 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Function of the plasmalemma?
Isolation, protection, sensitivity, support, and control of entrance/exit of materials
Function of cytosol?
Distributes materials by diffusion and stores glycogen, pigments, and other materials
Function of the cytoskeleton?
Strengthen and support and movement of cellular structures and materials
Function of microvilli?
Increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials
Function of centrosomes?
Essential for the movement of chromosomes during cell division
Function of cilia?
Movement of materials over the cell surface
Function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
Function of mitochondrion?
Produce 95% of the ATP required by the cell
Function of the nucleus?
Control of metabolism, storage and processing of genetic information, and control of protein synthesis
Function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesis of secretory products and intracellular storage and transport
Function of rough ER?
Modification and packaging of newly synthesized proteins
Function of smooth ER?
Lipid, steroid, and carbohydrate synthesis and calcium ion storage
Function of the golgi apparatus?
Storage, alteration, and packaging of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes
Function of lysosomes?
Intracellular removal of damaged organelles or of pathogens
Function of peroxisomes?
Catabolism of fats and other organic compounds and neutralization of toxic compounds generated in the process
What are the non membranous organelles?
Cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, flagella, and ribosomes
What are the membranous organelles?
Mitochondria, nucleus, ER, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes
What is diffusion?
The net movement of material from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water
What is facilitated diffusion?
Passive transport across a membrane by carrier proteins
What is active transport?
When the high-energy bond in ATP provides the energy needed to move ions or molecules across the membrane. Specific enzymes and carrier proteins must be present. Not dependent on a concentration gradient
What is endocytosis?
The packaging of extracellular materials into a vesicle at the cell surface for importation into the cell
What is phagocytosis?
Foreign particles are taken into cells and enclosed within vesicles
What is pinocytosis?
The formation of vesicles filled with extracellular fluid
What is exocytosis?
Fusion of vesicles containing fluids and/or solids with the plasmalemma
What are nucleosomes?
DNA wrapped around histones
What are cristae?
Folds within the inner membrane of mitochondrion
What is membrane flow?
The continual movement and recycling of the plasmalemma
What is the viscous, superficial coating on the outer surface of the plasmalemma called?
Glycocalyx