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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Function of the plasmalemma?
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Isolation, protection, sensitivity, support, and control of entrance/exit of materials
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Function of cytosol?
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Distributes materials by diffusion and stores glycogen, pigments, and other materials
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Function of the cytoskeleton?
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Strengthen and support and movement of cellular structures and materials
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Function of microvilli?
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Increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials
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Function of centrosomes?
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Essential for the movement of chromosomes during cell division
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Function of cilia?
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Movement of materials over the cell surface
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Function of ribosomes?
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Protein synthesis
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Function of mitochondrion?
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Produce 95% of the ATP required by the cell
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Function of the nucleus?
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Control of metabolism, storage and processing of genetic information, and control of protein synthesis
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Function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
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Synthesis of secretory products and intracellular storage and transport
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Function of rough ER?
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Modification and packaging of newly synthesized proteins
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Function of smooth ER?
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Lipid, steroid, and carbohydrate synthesis and calcium ion storage
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Function of the golgi apparatus?
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Storage, alteration, and packaging of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes
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Function of lysosomes?
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Intracellular removal of damaged organelles or of pathogens
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Function of peroxisomes?
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Catabolism of fats and other organic compounds and neutralization of toxic compounds generated in the process
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What are the non membranous organelles?
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Cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, flagella, and ribosomes
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What are the membranous organelles?
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Mitochondria, nucleus, ER, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes
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What is diffusion?
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The net movement of material from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
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What is osmosis?
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The diffusion of water
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What is facilitated diffusion?
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Passive transport across a membrane by carrier proteins
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What is active transport?
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When the high-energy bond in ATP provides the energy needed to move ions or molecules across the membrane. Specific enzymes and carrier proteins must be present. Not dependent on a concentration gradient
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What is endocytosis?
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The packaging of extracellular materials into a vesicle at the cell surface for importation into the cell
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What is phagocytosis?
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Foreign particles are taken into cells and enclosed within vesicles
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What is pinocytosis?
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The formation of vesicles filled with extracellular fluid
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What is exocytosis?
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Fusion of vesicles containing fluids and/or solids with the plasmalemma
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What are nucleosomes?
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DNA wrapped around histones
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What are cristae?
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Folds within the inner membrane of mitochondrion
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What is membrane flow?
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The continual movement and recycling of the plasmalemma
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What is the viscous, superficial coating on the outer surface of the plasmalemma called?
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Glycocalyx
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