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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 Types of CHemical Bonds
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Ionic
Covalent Hydrogen |
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How are ions formed
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Ions are formed by the transfer of valence shell electrons between Atoms
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Anion
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Negative
Gaining one or more electron |
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Cation
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Positive
Losing one or more electron |
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Covalent Bonds
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Sharing 2 or more valence shell electrons equally or unequally
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Ionic Bond
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Complete transfer of electrons; NO SHARING
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Polar Covalent Bond
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Unequal Sharing of Electrons
negative at one end, positive at other |
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Nonpolar Covalent Bond
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Equal Sharing of Electrons
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Hydrogen Bonds
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Positive Hydrogen of one molecule + Negative atom of another molecule
Ex: Water |
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Types of Chemical Reactions
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1. Synthesis
2. Decomposition 3. Exchange |
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Synthesis Reaction
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A + B --> AB
Always involves bond formation Anabolic Ex: Amino acids join to form protein molecules |
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Decomposition Reaction
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AB --> A + B
Reverse synthesis; Catabolic Breaking of Bonds ex: Glycogen to Glucose |
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Exchange Reactions
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Bonds are made & Broken
AB+C --> AC + B G + ATP --> GP --> ADP |
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Oxidation- Reduction Reactions
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Fuel is broken down for energy
Electrons are exchange or shared differently |
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Oxidized
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Electron donors that lose electrons
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Reduced
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Electron acceptors that receive electrons
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Exergonic Reactions
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Release energy
Catabolic |
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Endergonic
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Absorbs energy in form of work
products have more PE than reactants Anabolic |
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Chemical Equilibrium
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If neither a forward or reverse reaction is dominant
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Catalysts
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increase rate w/o being chemically changed
ex: enzymes |
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What does temperature do to rate?
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as reaction increases, so does the temperature
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What does particle size to do rate?
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Small particles increase rate of reactions
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What does concentration do to rate?
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Increases the reaction rate
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