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23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
3 Types of CHemical Bonds
Ionic
Covalent
Hydrogen
How are ions formed
Ions are formed by the transfer of valence shell electrons between Atoms
Anion
Negative

Gaining one or more electron
Cation
Positive

Losing one or more electron
Covalent Bonds
Sharing 2 or more valence shell electrons equally or unequally
Ionic Bond
Complete transfer of electrons; NO SHARING
Polar Covalent Bond
Unequal Sharing of Electrons

negative at one end, positive at other
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
Equal Sharing of Electrons
Hydrogen Bonds
Positive Hydrogen of one molecule + Negative atom of another molecule

Ex: Water
Types of Chemical Reactions
1. Synthesis
2. Decomposition
3. Exchange
Synthesis Reaction
A + B --> AB

Always involves bond formation

Anabolic

Ex: Amino acids join to form protein molecules
Decomposition Reaction
AB --> A + B

Reverse synthesis; Catabolic

Breaking of Bonds

ex: Glycogen to Glucose
Exchange Reactions
Bonds are made & Broken

AB+C --> AC + B

G + ATP --> GP --> ADP
Oxidation- Reduction Reactions
Fuel is broken down for energy

Electrons are exchange or shared differently
Oxidized
Electron donors that lose electrons
Reduced
Electron acceptors that receive electrons
Exergonic Reactions
Release energy
Catabolic
Endergonic
Absorbs energy in form of work

products have more PE than reactants

Anabolic
Chemical Equilibrium
If neither a forward or reverse reaction is dominant
Catalysts
increase rate w/o being chemically changed

ex: enzymes
What does temperature do to rate?
as reaction increases, so does the temperature
What does particle size to do rate?
Small particles increase rate of reactions
What does concentration do to rate?
Increases the reaction rate