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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stress |
A force that acts on a rock tochange its shape or volume. |
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Tension |
Pulls on the crust, stretching the rock so it becomes thinner in the middle. |
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Compression |
Squeezes a rock until it folds or breaks. |
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Shearing |
Causes rock to break and slip apart or change its shape. |
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Normal Fault |
A normal fault is at anangle so one block of rock lies above the fault while the otherblock lies below the fault. |
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Hanging Wall |
The rock that lies above the normal fault. |
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Footwall |
The rock that lies below the normal fault. |
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Reverse Fault |
The same as a normal fault except the rocks move in opposite directions. |
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Strike-Slip Fault |
The rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways,with little up or down motion. |
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Anticline |
A fold in a rock that folds upward. |
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Syncline |
A fold in a rock that folds downward. |
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Plateau |
A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level. |
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Tiltmeters |
Measure tilting or raising of the ground. |
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Creep Meters |
Use a wire stretched across a fault to measure horizontal movement of the ground. |
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Laser-Ranging Devices |
Use a laser beam to detect horizontal fault movements. |
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GPS Satellites |
Scientists can monitor changes in elevation and as horizontal movement on faults using GPS. |
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Liquefaction |
When an earthquake’s violent shaking suddenly turns loose soil into mud. |
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Tsunamis |
Water displaced by an earthquake. |
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Aftershocks |
An earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area. |
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Seismogram |
The record of an earthquake’s seismic waves.
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Friction |
The force that opposes themotion of one surface as it moves across another surface |
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Base-isolated Building |
Designed to reduce the amountof energy that reaches the building during an earthquake. |
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Earthquake |
The shaking andtrembling that results from the movement of rock beneathEarth’s surface. |
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Focus |
Thearea beneath Earth’s surface where rock that is under stressbreaks, triggering an earthquake. |
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Epicenter |
The point on the surfacedirectly above the focus. |
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P Waves |
Primary waves, the first waves. Compress and expand the ground |
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S Waves |
Secondary waves, the second waves. Vibrate from side to side. |
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Surface Waves |
Produce severe ground movement. |
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Mercalli Scale |
Designed to rate earthquakes according to the level of damage at a givenplace. |
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Richter Scale |
A rating of an earthquake’smagnitude based on the size of the earthquake’s seismic waves. |
