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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a Left Shift?
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Greater than 10% band neutrophils or presence of metamyelocytes
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What do you see in Acute Inflammation?
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1. Absolute neutrophilic leukocytosis
2.Left Shift 3. Toxic Granulation 4. Increase in IgM |
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What causes absolute neutrophilic leukocytosis?
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1. Accerelated release of neutrophils from bone marrow via IL-1 and TNF
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When does the IgM peak and IgM switch?
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1. Peaks 7-10 days
2. Isotype switching occurs in plasma cells to produce IgG peaks in 12-14 days |
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What do you see in Chronic Inflammation in WBC?
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1. Absolute monocytosis
2. Increase in IgG |
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What are the peripheral blood effects of corticosteroids?
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1. Absolute neutrophilic leukocytosis
----Inhibits activation of neutrophil adhesion molecules 2. Lymphopenia |
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How do corticosteroids cause lymphopenia?
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1. Sequesters B and T lymphocytes in Lymph nodes
2. Signal Apoptosis of Lymphocytes |
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What is ESR?
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Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Rate of settling of RBC's in a vertical tube |
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Why use ESR?
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ESR is increased in acute and chronic inflammation
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What is the rxn behind ESR?
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Increase in Fibrinogen in plasma decreases negative charge in RBC's promoting rouleaux fromation
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What else can increase the ESR that is not related to inflammation?How?
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Anemia
promotes rouleaux formation **Abnormal RBC, aka sickle cell DO NOT promote rouleaux formation |
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What is C-reactive protein?
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Acute phase reactive protein
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Why do we use C-reactive protein?
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Sensitive indicator of necrosis assoc with acute inflammation
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When is CRP elevated?
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CRP is elevated in inflammation, atherosclerotic plaques, and bacterial infections.
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Can we use this to monitor anything?
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Yes can be used to monitor RA
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In a protein electrophoresis what are the five major peaks?
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1. Albumin
2.Aplha-1 3. Alpha 2 4. Beta 5. Gamma ( G,A,M) Based on charge and size 1 greatest. Albumin has a the most negative charge and is the largest |
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What peaks would you expect to find in acute inflammation?
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A decrease in albumin that's it.
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What is the mechanism behind the change in acute inflammation on protein electrophoresis?
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Catabolic effect of inflammation
A.A. are used by the liver to synthesize acute phase reactants |
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Why don't you see a change in IgM globulin in the protein electrophoresis?
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Although serum IgM increases it's not significant on the protein gamma peak b/c it's a combo of all the gamma chains.
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What would you expect to find in chronic inflammation state when looking at a protein electrophoresis?
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A larger decrease in serum Albumin
Increase in IgG that will change the peak. Known has polyclonal gammopahty. |
