Ch.2 Cell Structure

Front 1

Plasma membrane

Back 1

sep. the cel from the extracellular fluid.

Front 2

Nucleus
Cytoplasm

Back 2

What are the main components of a cell?
(2)

Front 3

Nucleus

Back 3

a membrane-bound structure that contains the genetic info for the cell

Front 4

Cytoplasm

Back 4

everything inside the cell, except the nucleus.

Front 5

cytosol
organelles

Back 5

What are the 2 components of cytoplasm?

Front 6

Cytosol

Back 6

gel-like fluid

Front 7

Organelles

Back 7

structures made up of a varity of biomolecules, carry out specific functions in the cell

Front 8

Membranous organelles

Back 8

separated from cytosol by one or more membranes

Front 9

Nonmembranous organelles

Back 9

have no such boundary with the cytosol

Front 10

Nuclear envelope

Back 10

separates the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Front 11

fluid mosaic

Back 11

structure of the plasma membrane is described as _____ ______.
phospholipids
cholesterol
Proteins
Carbohydrates

Front 12

Phospholipid bilayer

Back 12

forms basic structure of the membrane
membrane considered fluid because molecules are NOT chemically bonded together and THEREFORE can move laterally and even from one side of bilayer to other.

Front 13

Integral membrane proteins

Back 13

embedded within the lipid bilayer, and therefore they can be dissociated from the membrane only by physically disrupting the bilayer.
amphipathic molecules (hydrophilic & hydrophobic)

Front 14

Transmembrane proteins

Back 14

A branch of Integral membrane proteins
include channels that allow ions to permeate the membrane, and carrier proteins that transport molecules from one side of the membrane to the other

Front 15

Peripheral membrane proteins

Back 15

loosely bound to the membrane by associations with integral membrane proteins or phospholipids.

can be dissociated from the membrane and still leave the membrane intact.

most on cytosol side of membrane

Front 16

Membrane carbohydrates

Back 16

located on extracellular side of membrane
They form glycocalyx & function in cell recognition

Front 17

glycocalyx

Back 17

a protective layer that also functions in holding cells together

Front 18

cell recognition

Back 18

helps label the cell as part of the body
important in immune response and tissue growth

Front 19

Nucleus

Back 19

Chromatin
Nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores
Nucleolus

Front 20

Chromatin

Back 20

the form in which DNA, along eith its associated proteins, exists througout most of the cell cycle
loosely coiled DNA and proteins scattered throughout the nucleus

Front 21

Nuclear pores

Back 21

membranes that fuse intermittently leave gaps that allow selective movement of molecules btwn. the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Front 22

Nucleolus

Back 22

the site of synthesis of a type of RNA called rRNA.

Front 23

Inclusions

Back 23

Energy in the form of triglycerides or glycogen is stored in masses
in the cytosol

Front 24

Secretory vescicles

Back 24

membrane-bound sacs

Front 25

Membranous Organelles

Back 25

Rough E.R.
Smooth E.R.
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes

Front 26

Nonmembranous Organelles

Back 26

Vaults
Ribosomes
Centrioles

Front 27

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 27

an elaborate network of membrane enclosing an interior compartment called the lumen.
Rough & Smooth

Front 28

Rough E.R.

Back 28

gets its name from its granular or "rough" apperance under magnification, due to the presence of ribosomes.
looks like flattened sacs

Front 29

Ribosomes

Back 29

on rough E.R.
complexes of rRNA and proteins that function is protein synthesis

Front 30

Smooth E.R.

Back 30

consists of tubules and doesn't have ribosomes attached to it, giving it a smooth appearance.

Front 31

Rough E.R

Back 31

associated with the synthesis of proteins that will be secreted from the cell or incorporated into the plasma membranen or another organelle.

Front 32

Smooth E.R.

Back 32

site of the synthesis of lipids, including triglycerides and steroids
site for storage of calcium ions

Front 33

Smooth E.R.

Back 33

In liver cells, contains detoxification enzymes that break down toxic substances in the blood.

Front 34

Rough E.R.

Back 34

continuous with the outer membrane of nuclear envelope.
closest to nucleus
has ribosomes
also attached to smooth E.R.

Front 35

Golgi Apparatus

Back 35

processes molecules that have been synthesized in the E.R.
pachages molecules into vesicles & directs the vesicles to the appropriate location. Some of the vesicles transport substances intracellularly and some transport outside of the cell.

Front 36

cisternae

Back 36

membrane-bound flattened sacs

Front 37

Cis face

Back 37

The Golgi Apparatus is closely assiciated with the E.R. on one side but are they are separate from one another

Front 38

Trans face

Back 38

Golgi Apparatus faces the plasma membrane

Front 39

Golgi Apparatus

Back 39

processes molecules that have been synthesized in the E.R.

Front 40

Mitochondria

Back 40

bound by 2 membranes
outer membrane - sep. the mitochondrion from the cytosol
inner membrane - divides mitochondrion into 2 compartments (intermembrane space & mitochondial matrix)

Front 41

Cristae

Back 41

inner membrane is foled into tubules to increase the area for the elceton transport system

Front 42

Electron transport chain

Back 42

a series of proteins and other molecules called a ____ ____ _____ in the inner mitochondria membrane.

Front 43

Mitochondria

Back 43

"powerhouse of the cell"
most usuable energy (ATP) is produced here.

Front 44

Lysosomes

Back 44

Granular, saclike
scattered throughout the cytoplasm
single membrane

Front 45

Lysosomes

Back 45

Breakdown of cellular and extracellular debris
has enzymes that do this
Endocytosis
Breakdown of old organelles

Front 46

Peroxisomes

Back 46

sim. in appearance to lysosomes, but smaller

Front 47

Peroxisomes

Back 47

Break down of toxic substances, A.A., & Fatty acids.

Front 48

Peroxisomes

Back 48

often produce Hydrogen Peroxide, which is toxic
contains an enzyme called catalase
it breaks down hydrogen peroxide to form H20 and O2

Front 49

Ribosomes

Back 49

Granular organelles composed of proteins and rRNA
located in the cytosol or on surface of rough E.R.

Front 50

Ribosomes

Back 50

Protein synthesis

Front 51

Vaults

Back 51

new discovered
Small barrel shaped

Front 52

Vaults

Back 52

Unknown
possible transport of molecules btwn. nucleus and cytoplasm
may be involved in development of resistance to chemotherapy

Front 53

Centrioles

Back 53

2 cylindrical bundles of protein filaments that are perpenicular to each other

Front 54

Centrioles

Back 54

Direction of mitotic spindle development during cell division.

Front 55

Cytoskeleton

Back 55

Composed of protein filaments, including microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules

Front 56

Cytoskeleton

Back 56

Structural support of cell
cell movement and contraction

Front 57

Microfilament

Back 57

smallest in diameter
actin
muscle contraction
movement of cells
separation of cytoplasm during cell division
provide structural support for microvilli

Front 58

Microvilli

Back 58

special cell projections found in epithelial cells that are specialized for the exchange of molecules

Front 59

Intermediate filaments

Back 59

btwn microfilaments and microtubules.
stronger & more stable than microfilaments
keratin
myosin

Front 60

Microtubules

Back 60

largest in diameter
provide strength for cytoskeleton
hollow tube - tubulin
spindle fibers
cilia
flagella

Front 61

spindle fibers

Back 61

aid in distribution of chromosomes during cell division