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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Neuron
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A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
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Dendrite
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the branches of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the body cell
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Axon
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The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
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Myelin sheath
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A layer of fatty tissue that covers many neurons. It helps increase the speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one part of the node to the next
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Action Potential
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A brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. It is caused by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axons membrane
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Neurotransmitter
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Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. Some well known neurotransmitters related to mental health include serotonin, dopamine, and GABA
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Synapse
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The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. The tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap
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Frontal lobe
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anterior region of the brain bounded by the central sulcus and the sylvan fissure. It is involved in speaking and muscle movements as well as in making plans and judgements
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Parietal Lobe
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Posterior region of the brain behind the frontal lobe and in front of the occipital cortex. It controls somatosensation and spatial understanding
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Temporal Lobe
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Lower region of the brain near the ears and below the sylvan fissure. It controls hearing and complex visual recognition
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Occipital Lobe
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A region of the rear brain that controls primitive vision--edges, movement, color, ect.
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Central sulcus
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Groove separating frontal from partial lobe
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Sylvian fissure
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Groove scparting frontal from temporal lobe
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Brainstem
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at the base of the brain and at the top of the spinal cord; it consists of the pons (at top) and the medulla (at bottom)
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Cerebellum
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Structure below the occipital cortex involved in motor coordination and possibly primitive learning
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Thalamus
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a little larger than an almond and found in the center of the brain, this structure receives nearly all incoming sensory messages and than relays them to appropriate cortical lobes (cortex refers to the outer layer of the brain)
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Limbic System
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A group of structures deep in the brain, primarily the temporal lobe, involved in emotion and learning.
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Hippocampus
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A structure in deep temporal lobe, part of the limbic system, involved in memory formation
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Amygdala
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A structure in deep temporal lobe, part of the limbic system, involved in the regulation of stress and aggression
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