Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the most common cause of Hematuria in upper urinary tract?
|
Renal Stone
|
|
|
What are the causes of hematuria in the upper urinary tract (i.e kidneys, and ureters)?
|
1. Renal Stone
2.Glomerulonephritis 3. Renal cell Carcinoma |
|
|
How do you characterize the glomerulonephritis?
|
By dysmorphic RBC's irregular memebrane
|
|
|
What are the causes of hematuria in the lower urinary tract ( bladder, urethra, prostate)?
|
1.Infection
2.Transitional Cell Carcinoma 3.Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia |
|
|
What is the most common cause of lower urinary tract hematuria?
|
Infection
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of gross hematuria in the absence of infection?
|
Transitional cell carcinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of microscopic hematuria in adult males?
|
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
|
|
|
What drugs are the most common causes of hematuria?
|
Anticoagulants
|
|
|
What is the General definition of Proteinuria?
|
Protein above 150mg/24hours or over 30mg/dl (Dipstick)
|
|
|
What does persistant proteinuria indicate?
|
Usually renal disease
|
|
|
What are the two qualitative tests to include for proteinuria?
|
1. Dipstick
2. Sulfosalicylic acid |
|
|
What are Dipstick test specific for?
|
Specific for albumin
|
|
|
What are SSA specific for?
|
SSA ( Sulfosalicylic Acid) detects albumin and globulins
|
|
|
What are the quantative urine test?
|
A 24-hour urine collection
|
|
|
Define functional proteinuria?
|
Protein is <2g/24hours
NOT ASSOC WITH RENAL DISEASE |
|
|
What are the causes of Functional Proteinuria?
|
Fever, Exercise, CHF
|
|
|
What is Orthostatic proteinuria?
|
It's functional: Occurs with standing and is absent in the recumbent state, urine protein is absent in the first morning void: NO Progression to renal disease.
|
|
|
What is OVERFLOW proteinuria?
|
Protein loss is variable.
Low-molecular weight proteinuria Amount Filtered>tubular reabsorption |
|
|
What are the CAUSES of OVERFLOW Proteinuria?
|
1. Multiple Myeloma with BJ proteinuria
2. Hemoglobinuria: eg intravascular hemolysis 3. Myoglobinuria: crush injuries, McArdle's glycogenosis, Increase in serum creatine kinase |
|
|
What is McArdle's Glycogenosis?
|
1. Deficient muscle phosphorylase
|
|
|
What is Glomerular Proteinuria?
|
1. Nephritic Syndrome:
2. Nephrotic Syndrome: |
|
|
What is Nephritic Syndrome?
|
Protein >150 mg/24 hours but < 3.5g/ 24 hours
|
|
|
What is Nephrotic Syndrome?
|
Protein >3.5g/24hours
|
|
|
How does Nephritic Syndrome occur?
|
Damage of GBM: Non-selective proteinuria with loss of albumin and globulins
|
|
|
Give an example of Nephritic Syndrome?
|
Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
How does Nephrotic Syndrome occur?
|
Loss of negative charge of GBM: selective proteinuria with loss of albumin and not globulins
|
|
|
Give an example of Nephrotic Syndrome?
|
Minimal change disease
|
|
|
What is the definition of Tubular Proteinuria?
|
Protein < 2g/24hours
|
|
|
How does Tubular Proteinuria occur?
|
Defect in proximal tubule reabsorption of low-molecular weight proteins. ( eg Amino Acids) at normal filter loads
|
|
|
What are some causes of Tubular Proteinuria?
|
1. Heavy metal Poisoning
2. Fanconi Syndrome 3. Hartnup's disease |
|
|
What is Fanconi Syndrome affect on the Tubules of the kidneys?
|
Inability to reabsorb glucose, amino acids, uric acids, phosphate, bicarbonate
|
|
|
What is the affect of Hatnup's disease on Tubules of the kidneys?
|
Defect in the reabsorption of neutral amino acids ( eg tryptophan) in the GI tract and kidneys.
|
