Ch.18:clssfction Of Livng Orgnsms

Front 1

classification of living organisms

Back 1

taxonomy

Front 2

an estimated __________ organisms live on the planet but only around ________ have been classified

Back 2

10 million, 10%

Front 3

why classify?

Back 3

-ORGANIZATION for study purposes
-common NAMES may be misleading (ex: starfish, jellyfish, goldfish)
-scientists need a UNIVERSAL naming system (like metrics)
-SHOWS relationships between organisms (evolutionary path)

Front 4

one of the earliest taxonomic systems was set up by ______ around 2000 years ago, based on his limited observation of organisms

Back 4

Aristotle

Front 5

He divided creatures up into two groups (plants/animals).

Back 5

Aristotle

Front 6

a swedish naturalist who set up a system on grouping organisms into hierarchal categories, outlined in his Systema Natura

Back 6

Carolus Linnaeus

Front 7

Linnaeus made Systema Natura; gave everything Latin names for:

Back 7

-kingdom
-phylum/division
-class
-order
-family
-genus
-species

Front 8

"Phylum" is often called ______ in botany (plants)

Back 8

"Division"

Front 9

"Species" is called a ______ in monera (bacteria)

Back 9

"Strain"

Front 10

WITHIN a species, there may also be BREEDS, RACES, or VARIETIES that show:

Back 10

distinctive phenotypes

Front 11

more quantitative evidence as to degree relatedness

Back 11

biochemical and genetic similarities

Front 12

we can divide Linnaeus's categories even further, if needed:

Back 12

-subspecies
-superclass
-supphylum
-etc.

Front 13

today, every living thing has a universal Latin name, known as:

Back 13

binomial nomenclature (2-part name) genus, species

Front 14

organizes the tremendous diversity of living things in the context of evolution; kind of a "who's related to whom" system

Back 14

systematics

Front 15

is a family tree showing the evolutionary relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms (ex: pg 343 figure 18-3)

Back 15

phylogenetic tree

Front 16

evidence used to classify organisms into such groupings:

Back 16

-fossil records
-morphology (structure/forms in organisms)
-embryological patterns of development
-chromosomes and macromolecules

Front 17

Homo sapiens
Genus species

Back 17

capitalize the 1st word but not the 2nd

Front 18

a relatively new system of phylogenic classification using certain features of organisms called "shared derived characteristics" to establish relatedness

Back 18

cladistics

Front 19

the six kingdom system:

Back 19

-eubacteria
-fungi
-protista
-archaebacteria
-plantae
-animalia

Front 20

Archaebacteria:
1) cell type
2) number of cells
3) nutrition

Back 20

1) prokaryotic
2) unicellular
3) both (auto/hetero)

Front 21

Eubacteria:
1) cell type
2) number of cells
3) nutrition

Back 21

1) prokaryotic
2) unicellular
3) both (auto/hetero)

Front 22

Protista:
1) cell type
2) number of cells
3) nutrition

Back 22

1) eukaryotic
2) mostly unicellular
3) both (auto/hetero)

Front 23

Fungi:
1) cell type
2) number of cells
3) nutrition

Back 23

1) eukaryotic
2) mostly multicellular
3) heterotrophic

Front 24

Plantae:
1) cell type
2) number of cells
3) nutrition

Back 24

1) eukaryotic
2) multicellular
3) autotrophic

Front 25

Animalia:
1) cell type
2) number of cells
3) nutrition

Back 25

1) eukaryotic
2) multicellular
3) heterotrophic

Front 26

algae, kelp, malaria

Back 26

Protista

Front 27

mushrooms, athlete's foot, yeast, mold

Back 27

Fungi

Front 28

exodigestion

Back 28

Fungi

Front 29

Chitin:

Back 29

Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Front 30

moss, ferns, pines, flowers/trees

Back 30

Plantae

Front 31

insects, jellyfish, sponge, humans, cats/dogs, reptiles, snakes, birds, fish

Back 31

animalia

Front 32

Halophile can survive in:

Back 32

salt

Front 33

Thermophile can survive in:

Back 33

heat

Front 34

Acidophile can survive in:

Back 34

acid