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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are formed elements?
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* Formed elements – living blood "cells" suspended in plasma(non-living fluid matrix)
• Erythrocytes (red blood cells, or RBCs) • Leukocytes (white blood cells, or WBCs) • Platelets |
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what are % of formed elements from least to most dense?
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Plasma
• 55% of whole blood Formed elements • Least dense component Buffy coat • Leukocytes and platelets • <1% of whole blood Erythrocytes • 45% of whole blood (hematocrit) • Most dense component |
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what are the functions of blood?
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Functions include
– Distributing substances – Regulating blood levels of substances – Protection |
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what are the distributing functions?
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Delivering O2 and nutrients to body cells
• Transporting metabolic wastes to lungs and kidneys for elimination • Transporting hormones from endocrine organs to target organs |
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what is the regulating function?
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Maintaining body temperature by
absorbing and distributing heat • Maintaining normal pH using buffers; alkaline reserve of bicarbonate ions • Maintaining adequate fluid volume in circulatory system |
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what is the protection function?
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*MAKES SCARES
Preventing blood loss – Plasma proteins and platelets initiate clot formation • Preventing infection – Antibodies – Complement proteins – WBCs |
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what is the % water in plasma?
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90%
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what are RBCs and its characteristics?
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**most abundant
-no nuclie (anucleate) -filled with hemoglobin (Hb) *binds reversibly with oxygen -contains protein spectrin for flexibility -contributes to blood viscosity -dedicated to respiratory gas transport. |
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what formes red bone marrow?
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Hematopiesis
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What name is given to the formation of red blood cells?
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erythropoiesis
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What is this? Name some important characteristics-
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-Its a red blood cell (RBC) erythrocyte
- has no nuclei or other organelles "anucleated" -biconcave -filled with hemoglobin (hb) for gas transport. -has spectrin for flexibility -lifespan 100-120 days |
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to few (RBC's): to many:
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hypoxia;viscosity
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What is released by kidneys some from liver in response to hypoxia?
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The hormone Erythropoietin (EPO)
-rapid maturation of committed marrow cells |
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Anemia |
has abnormally low O2 carrying capacity. |
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what are causes of anemia?
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-blood loss
-low RBC's production -high RBC distribution |
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what disease is caused by single amino acid change in the bata chain? and what amino acid?
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disease: sickle-cell anemia.
amino acid: hemoglobin. |
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A blood disorder involving less than normal amounts of an oxygen-carrying protein. |
thalassemias |
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what is another name for WBC's"white blood cells"?
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leukocytes
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what are leukocytes functions & characteristics ?
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• Make up <1% of total blood volume
• Function in defense against disease – Can leave capillaries via diapedesis |
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Leukocytosis: |
WBC count over 11,000/
mm3 – Normal response to infection |
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what leukocytes are granucytes?
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neutrophils,eosinophils, basophils.
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what leukocytes are agranulocytes?
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lymphocytes, monocytes
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basophil
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eosinophil
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small lymphocyte
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neutrophil
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monocyte
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name the blood type? |
a.(AB) b.(B) c.(A) d.(O) |
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most numerous leukocyte
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neutrophil
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increases in numbers during prolonged infections
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monocyte
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primarily water,noncellular; the matrix of blood
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plasma
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many formed in lymphoid tissue
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lymphocyte
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releases histamine promotes inflammation
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basophil
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number rises during infections
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eosinophil
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precursor cell of platelets
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megakaryote
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average blood volume of a
male female |
5.6 ; 4.5
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