Ch.15 Penetration & Toxins

Front 1

Invasins

Back 1

Surface proteins that allow microbes to get into the host cell by rearranging the actin (plasma membrane)

And then use the actin to move from cell to cell

Front 2

4 Ways Pathogens Damage host Cell

Back 2

1) Using host's nutrients
2) Direct damage
3) Producing Toxins
4) Hypersensitivity Reactions

[ N. D. T. H.]

Front 3

Damage by using Nutrients

Back 3

Some bacteria take over the host's iron through siderophores proteins which take iron away from iron-transporting proteins

Front 4

Damage done Directly

Back 4

Some bacteria make epithelial cells engulf them through something that resembles phagocytosis, then release them, which allows them to enter other hosts.

Front 5

Damage by Toxic Production

Back 5

Some bacteria produce poisonous substances, called toxins, which can cause serious and fatal effects

ex: fever, diarrhea, shock, cardiovascular disturbances

Front 6

Two Types of Toxins

Back 6

1. Exotoxins
2. Endotoxins

Front 7

Exotoxin

Back 7

Can be gram (-) or (+)

Proteins excreted by bacterium, and many are enzymatic so they can be very harmful even in small doses

Soluble in body fluids so can easily move through the body

Front 8

Endotoxin

Back 8

Part of the outer cell wall of gram (-) bacteria

Lipid A of LPSs