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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Invasins
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Surface proteins that allow microbes to get into the host cell by rearranging the actin (plasma membrane)
And then use the actin to move from cell to cell |
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4 Ways Pathogens Damage host Cell
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1) Using host's nutrients
2) Direct damage 3) Producing Toxins 4) Hypersensitivity Reactions [ N. D. T. H.] |
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Damage by using Nutrients
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Some bacteria take over the host's iron through siderophores proteins which take iron away from iron-transporting proteins
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Damage done Directly
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Some bacteria make epithelial cells engulf them through something that resembles phagocytosis, then release them, which allows them to enter other hosts.
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Damage by Toxic Production
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Some bacteria produce poisonous substances, called toxins, which can cause serious and fatal effects
ex: fever, diarrhea, shock, cardiovascular disturbances |
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Two Types of Toxins
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1. Exotoxins
2. Endotoxins |
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Exotoxin
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Can be gram (-) or (+)
Proteins excreted by bacterium, and many are enzymatic so they can be very harmful even in small doses Soluble in body fluids so can easily move through the body |
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Endotoxin
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Part of the outer cell wall of gram (-) bacteria
Lipid A of LPSs |