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34 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
social psychology
study of how people influence others behavior, belief, and attitudes
social facilitation
enhancement of performance brought about by the presence of others
attribution
process of assigning causes to behavior
fundamental attribution error
tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional influences on other peoples behavior
social comparison theory
theory that we seek to evaluate our beliefs, attitudes and abilities by comparing our reactions with others
mass hysteria
outbreak of irrational behavior that is spread by social contagion
conformity
tendency of people to alter their behavior as a result of group pressure
parametric studies
studies in which an experimenter systematically manipulates the independent variable to observe its effects on the dependent variable
deindividuation
tendency of people to engage in uncharacteristics behavior when they are stripped of their usual identities
groupthink
emphasis on group unanimity at the expense of critical thinking and sound decision making
group polarization
tendency of group discussion to strengthen the dominant positions held by individual group members
inoculation effect
approach to convincing people to change their minds about something by first introducing reasons why the perspective might be correct and then debunking it
pluralistic ignorance
error of assuming that no one in a group perceives things as we do
diffusion of responsibility
reduction in feelings of personal responsibility in the presence of others
social loafing
phenomenon whereby individuals become less productive in groups
altruism
helping others for unselfish reasons
enlightenment effect
learning about psychological research can change real-world behavior for the better
cognitive dissonance
unpleasant mental experience of tension resulting from two conflicting thoughts or beliefs
self-perception theory
theory that we acquire our attitudes by observing our behaviors
impression management theory
theory that we dont really change our attitudes, but report that we have so that out behaviors appear consistent with our attitides
foot-in-the-door technique
persuasive technique involving making a small request before making a bigger one
door-in-the-face technique
persuasive technique involving making an unreasonable large request before making the small request we're hoping to have granted
low-ball technique
persuasive technique in which the seller of a product starts and then mentions all of the "add-on" costs once the customer has agreed to purchase the product
prejudice
drawing conclusions about a person, group of people, or situation prior to evaluating the evidence
adaptive conservatism
evolutionary principle that creates a predisposition toward distrusting anything or anyone unfamiliar or different
in-group bias
tendency to favor individuals within our group over those from outside our group
out-group homogeneity
tendency to view all individuals outside our group as highly similar
discrimination
negative behavior toward members of out-groups
implicit stereotype
beliefs about the characteristics of an out-group about which we're unaware
explicit stereotype
beliefs about the characteristics of an out-group about which we've aware
ultimate attribution error
assumption that behaviors among individual members of a group are due to their internal dispositions
scapegoat hypothesis
claim that prejudice arises from a need to blame other groups for our misfortunes
just-world hypothesis
claim that our attributions and behaviors are shaped by a deep-seated assumption that the world is fair and all things happen for a reason
jigsaw classrooms
educational approach designed to minimize prejudice by requiring all children to make independent contributions to a shared project