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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
social psychology
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study of how people influence others behavior, belief, and attitudes
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social facilitation
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enhancement of performance brought about by the presence of others
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attribution
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process of assigning causes to behavior
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fundamental attribution error
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tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional influences on other peoples behavior
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social comparison theory
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theory that we seek to evaluate our beliefs, attitudes and abilities by comparing our reactions with others
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mass hysteria
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outbreak of irrational behavior that is spread by social contagion
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conformity
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tendency of people to alter their behavior as a result of group pressure
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parametric studies
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studies in which an experimenter systematically manipulates the independent variable to observe its effects on the dependent variable
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deindividuation
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tendency of people to engage in uncharacteristics behavior when they are stripped of their usual identities
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groupthink
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emphasis on group unanimity at the expense of critical thinking and sound decision making
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group polarization
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tendency of group discussion to strengthen the dominant positions held by individual group members
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inoculation effect
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approach to convincing people to change their minds about something by first introducing reasons why the perspective might be correct and then debunking it
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pluralistic ignorance
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error of assuming that no one in a group perceives things as we do
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diffusion of responsibility
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reduction in feelings of personal responsibility in the presence of others
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social loafing
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phenomenon whereby individuals become less productive in groups
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altruism
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helping others for unselfish reasons
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enlightenment effect
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learning about psychological research can change real-world behavior for the better
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cognitive dissonance
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unpleasant mental experience of tension resulting from two conflicting thoughts or beliefs
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self-perception theory
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theory that we acquire our attitudes by observing our behaviors
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impression management theory
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theory that we dont really change our attitudes, but report that we have so that out behaviors appear consistent with our attitides
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foot-in-the-door technique
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persuasive technique involving making a small request before making a bigger one
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door-in-the-face technique
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persuasive technique involving making an unreasonable large request before making the small request we're hoping to have granted
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low-ball technique
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persuasive technique in which the seller of a product starts and then mentions all of the "add-on" costs once the customer has agreed to purchase the product
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prejudice
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drawing conclusions about a person, group of people, or situation prior to evaluating the evidence
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adaptive conservatism
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evolutionary principle that creates a predisposition toward distrusting anything or anyone unfamiliar or different
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in-group bias
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tendency to favor individuals within our group over those from outside our group
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out-group homogeneity
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tendency to view all individuals outside our group as highly similar
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discrimination
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negative behavior toward members of out-groups
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implicit stereotype
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beliefs about the characteristics of an out-group about which we're unaware
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explicit stereotype
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beliefs about the characteristics of an out-group about which we've aware
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ultimate attribution error
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assumption that behaviors among individual members of a group are due to their internal dispositions
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scapegoat hypothesis
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claim that prejudice arises from a need to blame other groups for our misfortunes
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just-world hypothesis
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claim that our attributions and behaviors are shaped by a deep-seated assumption that the world is fair and all things happen for a reason
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jigsaw classrooms
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educational approach designed to minimize prejudice by requiring all children to make independent contributions to a shared project
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