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206 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ABDOMIN/O
CELI/O LAPAR/O |
abdomen
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AN/O
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anus
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APPENDIC/O
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appendix
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BIL/I
CHOL/E |
bile
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BUCC/O
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cheek
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CHEIL/O
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lip
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COL/O
COLON/O |
colon
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CYST/O
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cyst/o
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DENT/I
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teeth
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DOCH/O
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duct
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DUODEN/O
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duodenum
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ENTER/O
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small intestine
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ESOPHAG/O
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esophagus
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GASTR/O
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stomach
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GINGIV/O
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gum
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GLOSS/O
LINGU/O |
tongue
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HEPAT/O
HEPATIC/O |
liver
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HERNI/O
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hernia
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ILE/O
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ileum
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INGUIN/O
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groin
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JEJUN/O
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jejunum (empty)
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LITH/O
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stone
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OR/O
STOMAT/O |
mouth
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PANCREAT/O
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pancreas
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PERITONE/O
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peritoneum
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PHAG/O
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eat or swallow
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PROCT/O
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anus and rectum
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PYLOR/O
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pylorus (gatekeeper)
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RECT/O
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rectum
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SIAL/O
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saliva
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SIGMOID/O
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sigmoid colon (resembles s)
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STEAT/O
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fat
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-EMESIS (ADDITIONAL SUFFIX)
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vomiting
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ORAL CAVITY
MOUTH |
cavity that receives food for digestion
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SALIVARY GLANDS
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three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva: the parotid, submandibular (submaxillary), and sublingual glands
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CHEEKS
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lateral walls of the mouth
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LIPS
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fleshy structures surrounding the mouth
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PALATE
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structure that forms the roof of the mouth, divided into the hard and soft palate
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UVULA
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small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate
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TONGUE
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muscular structure of the floor of the mouth covered by mucous membrane and held down by a bandlike membrane known as the frenulum
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GUMS
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tissue covering the processes of the jaws
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TEETH
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hard bony projections in the jaws for masticating (chewing) food
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PHARYNX
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throat; passageway for food traveling to the esophagus and air traveling to the larynx
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ESOPHAGUS
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muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach
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STOMACH
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saclike organ that chemically mixes and prepares food received from the esophagus
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CARDIAC SPHINCTER
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opening from the esophagus to the stomach (sphincter = band)
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PYLORIC SPHINCTER
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opening from the stomach into the duodenum
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SMALL INTESTINE
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tubular structure that digests food received from the stomach
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DUODENUM
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first portion of the small intestine
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JEJUNUM
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second portion of the small intestine
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ILEUM
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third portion of the small intestine
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LARGE INTESTINE
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larger tubular structure that receives the liquid waste products of digestion, reabsorbs water and minerals, and forms and stores feces for defecation
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CECUM
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first part of the large intestine
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VERMIFORM APPENDIX
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wormlike projection of lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum with no digestive function; may help resist infection (vermi = worm)
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COLON
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portions of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum, identified by direction or shape
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ASCENDING COLON
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portion of colon that extends upward from the cecum
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TRANSVERSE COLON
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portion of colon that extends across from the asecnding cecum
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DESCENDING COLON
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portion of colon that extends down from the transverse colon
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SIGMOID COLON
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portion of colon (resembling an S) that terminates at the rectum
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RECTUM
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distal (end) portion of the large intestine
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RECTAL AMPULLA
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dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal
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ANUS
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opening of the rectum to the outside of the body
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FECES
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waste formed by absorption of water in the large intestine; usually solid
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DEFECATION
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evacuation of feces from the rectum
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PERITONEUM
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membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity, consisting of the parietal layer (lining the abdominal wall) and visceral layer (covering each organ in the abdomen)
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PERITONEAL CAVITY
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space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
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OMENTUM
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an extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with other abdominal organs
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LIVER
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organ in the upper right quadrant that produces bile, which is secreted into the duodenum during digestion
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GALLBLADDER
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receptacle that stores and concentrates the bile produced in the liver
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PANCREAS
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gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food
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BILIARY DUCTS
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ducts that convey bile; include the hepatic, cystic, and common bile ducts
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HYPOCHONDRIAC REGIONS
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upper lateral regions beneath the ribs
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EPIGASTRIC REGION
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upper middle region below the sternum
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LUMBAR REGIONS
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middle lateral regions
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UMBILICAL REGION
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region of the navel
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INGUINAL REGIONS
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lower lateral groin regions
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HYPOGASTRIC REGION
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region below the navel
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ANOREXIA
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loss of appetite (orexia = appetite)
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APHAGIA
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inability to swallow
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ASCITES
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an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (ascos = bag)
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BUCCAL
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in the cheek
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DIARRHEA
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frequent loose or liquid stools
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CONSTIPATION
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infrequent or incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass (constipo = to press together)
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DYSPEPSIA
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indigestion (pepsis = digestion)
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DYSPHAGIA
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difficulty in swallowing
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ERUCTATION
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belch
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FLATULENCE
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gas in the stomach or intestines (flatus = a blowing)
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HALITOSIS
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bad breath (halitus = breath)
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HEMATOCHEZIA
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red blood in stool (chezo = defecate)
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HEMATEMESIS
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vomiting blood
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HEPATOMEGALY
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enlargement of the liver
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HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA
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excessive level of bilirubin (bile pigment) in the blood
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ICTERUS
JAUNDICE |
yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera (white of the eye), and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood (jaundice = yellow)
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MELENA
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dark colored, tarry stool caused by old blood
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NAUSEA
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feeling of sick in the stomach
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STEATORRHEA
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feces containing fat
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SUBLINGUAL
HYPOGLOSSAL |
under the tongue
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STOMATITIS
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inflammation of the mouth
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SIALOADENITIS
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inflammation of a salivary gland
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PAROTIDITIS
PAROTITIS |
inflammation of the parotid gland, also called mumps
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CHEILITIS
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inflammation of the lip
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GLOSSITIS
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inflammation of the tongue
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ANKYLOGLOSSIA
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a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum (ankyl/o = crooked or stiff)
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GINGIVITIS
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inflammation of the gums
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ESOPHAGEAL VARICES
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swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus that are especially suceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage)
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ESOPHAGITIS
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inflammation of the esophagus
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GASTRITIS
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inflammation of the stomach
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GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD)
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a backflow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter, causing burning pain in the esophagus
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PYLORIC STENOSIS
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a narrowed condition of the pylorus
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PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE (PUD)
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a sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with helicobacter pylori bacteria (pept/o = to digest)
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GASTRIC ULCER
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ulcer located in the stomach
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DUODENAL ULCER
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ulcer located in the duodenum
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GASTROENTERITIS
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inflammation of stomach and small intestine
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ENTERITIS
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inflammation of small intestine
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ILEITIS
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inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine
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COLITIS
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inflammation of the colon (large intestine)
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ULCERATIVE COLITIS
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chronic inflammation of the colon along with ulcerations
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DIVERTICULUM
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an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract usually related to lack of dietary fiber
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DIVERTICULOSIS
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presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially the bowel
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DIVERTICULITIS
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inflammation of diverticula
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DYSENTERY
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inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools, most often caused by bacteria or protozoa (e.g., amebic dysentery)
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APPENDICITIS
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inflammation of the appendix
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HERNIA
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protrusion of a part from its normal location
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HIATAL HERNIA
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protrusion of part of the stomach upward through the opening in the diaphragm
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INGUINAL HERNIA
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protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region
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INCARCERATED HERNIA
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hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction
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STRANGULATED HERNIA
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hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous
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UMBILICAL HERNIA
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protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdomninal wall around the umbilicus (navel)
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INTUSSUSCEPTION
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prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part (intus = within; suscipiens = to take up)
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VOLVULUS
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twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction (volvo = to roll)
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POLYPOSIS
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multiple polyps in the intestine and rectum with a high potential for becoming malignant
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POLYP
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tumor on a stalk
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PROCTITIS
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inflammation of the rectum and anus
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ANAL FISTULA
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an abnormal tubelike passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum (fistula = pipe)
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HEMORRHOID
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swollen, twisted vein (varicosity) in the anal region (haimorrhois = a vein likely to bleed)
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PERITONITIS
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inflammation of the peritonium
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HEPATITIS
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inflammation of the liver
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HEPATITIS A
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infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water
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HEPATITIS B
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inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids
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HEPATITIS C
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inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), transmitted by exposure to infected blood (rarely contracted sexually)
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CIRRHOSIS
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chronic disease characterized by degeneration of lvier tissue most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency (cirrho = yellow)
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CHOLANGITIS
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inflammation of the bile ducts
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CHOLECYSTITIS
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inflammation of the gallbladder
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CHOLELITHIASIS
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presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
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CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS
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presence of stones in the common bile duct
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PANCREATITIS
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inflammation of the pancreas
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BIOPSY (Bx)
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removal and microscopic study of tissue
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INCISIONAL BIOPSY
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removal of a portion of a lesion for pathologic examination
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EXCISIONAL BIOPSY
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removal of an entire lesion for pathologic examination
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ENDOSCOPY
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examination within a body cavity with a flexible endoscope for diagnosis or treatment; used in the gastrointestinal tract to detect abnormalities and perform procedures such as biopsy, excision of lesions, dilations of narrowed areas, and removal of swallowed objects
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ESOPHAGOSCOPY
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examination of the esophagus with an esophagoscope
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GASTROSCOPY
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examination of the stomach with a gastroscope
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UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY
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examination of the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with a flexible endoscope; also called esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or panendoscopy
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ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY (ERCP)
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endoscopic procedure including x-ray fluoroscopy to examnine the ducts of hte liver, gallbladder, and pancreas (biliary ducts)
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LAPAROSCOPY
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examination of the abdomninal cavity with a laparoscope, often including interventional surgical procedures
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PERITONEOSCOPY
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examination of the peritoneal cavity with a peritoneoscope, often performed to examine the liver and obtain a biopsy specimen
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COLONOSCOPY
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examination of the colon using a flexible colonoscope
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SIGMOIDOSCOPY
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examination of the sigmoid colon with a rigid or flexible sigmoidoscope
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PROCTOSCOPY
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examination of the rectum and anus with a proctoscope
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MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
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nonionizing imaging technique for visualizing the abdominal cavity to identify disease or deformity in the gastrointestinal tract
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RADIOGRAPHY
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x-ray imaging used to detect a condition or anomaly within the gastrointestinal tract
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UPPER GI SERIES
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x-ray of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after the patient has swallowed a contrast medium (barium is most commonly used)
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BARIUM SWALLOW
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x-ray of the esophagus only, often used to locate swallowed objects
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FLUOROSCOPY
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x-ray using a fluorescent screen to visualize structures in motion (such as during a barium swallow)
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SMALL BOWEL SERIES
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x-ray examination of the small intestine, generally done in conjunction with an upper GI series
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LOWER GI SERIES
BARIUM ENEMA |
x-ray of the colon after administration of an enema containing a contrast medium
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COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) OF ABDOMEN
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cross-sectional x-ray of the abdomen used to identify a condition or anomaly within the gastrointestinal tract
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CHOLANGIOGRAM
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x-ray of the bile ducts, often performed during surgery
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CHOLECYSTOGRAM
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x-ray of the gallbladder taken after oral ingestion of iodine
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SONOGRAPHY
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ultrasound imaging
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ABDOMINAL SONOGRAM
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ultrasound image of the abdomen to detect disease or deformity in organs and vascular structures (e.g., liver, pacnreas, gallbladder, spleen, aorta)
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ENDOSCOPIC SONOGRAPHY
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an endoscopic procedure using a sonographic transducer within an endoscope to examine a body cavity and make sonographic images of structures and tissues
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STOOL CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY (C&S)
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isolation of a stool specimen in a culture medium to identify disease-causing organisms; if organisms are present, the drugs to which they are sensitive are listed
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STOOL OCCULT BLOOD STUDY
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a chemical test of a stool specimen to detect the presence of blood; prositive findings indicate bleeding in the GI tract
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CHEILOPLASTY
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repair of the lip
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GLOSSECTOMY
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excision of the tongue
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GLOSSORRHAPHY
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suture of the tongue
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ESOPHAGOPLASTY
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repair of the esophagus
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GASTRECTOMY
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partial or complete removal of the stomach
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GASTRIC RESECTION
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partial removal and repair of the stomach
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GASTROENTEROSTOMY
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formation of an artificial opening between the stomach and small intestine; often performed at the time of a gastrectomy to route food from the remainder of the stomach to the intestine (also performed to repair a perforated duodenal ulcer)
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ABDOMINOCENTESIS
PARACENTESIS |
puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid; e.g., fluid accumulated in ascites
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LAPAROTOMY
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incision into the abdomen
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LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY
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abdominal surgery using a laparoscope
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HERNIORRHAPHY
HERNIOPLASTY |
repair of a hernia
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COLOSTOMY
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creation of an opening in the colon through the abdominal wall to create an abdominal anus allowing stool to bypass a diseased portion of the colon; performed to treat ulcerative colitis, cancer, or obstructions
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ANASTOMOSIS
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union of two hollow vessels, a technique of bowel surgery
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ILEOSTOMY
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surgical creation of an opening on the abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for ileal discharges, performed after removal of the colon such as to treat chronic inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis
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APPENDECTOMY
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excision of a diseased appendix
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INCIDENTAL APPENDECTOMY
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removal of the appendix during abdominal surgery for antoher procedure (e.g., a hysterectomy)
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POLYPECTOMY
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excision of polyps
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PROCTOPLASTY
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repair of the anus and rectum
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ANAL FISTULECTOMY
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excision of an anal fistula
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HEMORRHOIDECTOMY
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excision of hemorrhoids
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HEPATIC LOBECTOMY
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excision of a lobe of the liver
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CHOLECYSTECTOMY
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excision of the gallbladder
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LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY
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excision of the gallbladder through a laparoscope
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CHOLELITHOTOMY
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an incision for removal of gallstones
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CHOLEDOCHOLITHOTOMY
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incision of the common bile duct for extraction of gallstones
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PANCREATECTOMY
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excision of the pancreas
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GASTRIC LAVAGE
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oral insertion of a tube into the stomach for examination and treatment, such as to remove blood clots from the stomach or monitor bleeding (lavage = to wash)
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NASOGASTRIC (NG) INTUBATION
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insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach for various purposes, such as to obtain a gastric fluid specimen for analysis
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ANTACID
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drug that neutralizes stomach acid
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ANTIEMETIC
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drug that prevents or stops vomiting
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ANTISPASMODIC
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drug that decreases motility in gastrointestinal tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea
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CATHARTIC
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drug that causes movement of the bowels; also called a laxative
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