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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Nutritional type for Fungi
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Chemoheterotrophs
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Cellular arrangement for fungi
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- Unicellular
- Filamentous - Fleshy |
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Food Acquisition Method for Fungi
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Absorptive
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Characteristic features of Fungi
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Sexual and Asexual Spores
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Optimum pH growth for Fungi
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5 pH
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5 ways Fungi are different than bacteria
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1. Grow at a pH of 5
2. Tolerate high osmotic pressure 3. Require less nitrogen 4. Grow in low moisture 5. Metabolize complex carbohydrates |
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Thallus
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"Body"
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The Fungal Thallus
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Made up of Hyphae (mass - mycelium)
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Mycelium
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mass of hyphae
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Hyphae
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Makes up the fungal thallus
it is a threadlike filament strand of a fungal cell |
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Unicellular Fungi
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Yeast
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Fission Yeasts
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These divide symmetrically
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Budding Yeasts
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These divide asymmetrically
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Two types of Fungal Hypha
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1. Septate
2. Coenocytic |
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Septate Hyphae
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Cross walls called septa which divide them into distinct, one-nucleus cell like units
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Coenocytic Hyphae
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The hyphae contain no septa and appear as long, continous cells with many nuclei
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Dimorphic fungi
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- In two different states at different temperatures
- 37 degrees --> yeast like - 25 degrees --> mold like |
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Two types of asexual spores
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1. Conidiospore
2. Sporangiospore |
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Conidospore (Conidium)
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A uni- or multi- cellular spore that is not enclosed in a sac; produced in a chain
Ex: Aspergillus |
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Arthroconidia
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Conidia formed by fragmentation of a septate hypha into single, thicker cells
Ex: Coccidiodes immitis |
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Types of Conidium
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1. Conidiospore
2. Arthroconidia 3. Blactoconidia 4. Chlamydoconidium |
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Blastoconidia
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A conidium where the buds come off from the parent cell
Ex: yeasts --> Candida albicans and Cryptococcus |
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Chlamydoconium
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A thick walled spore formed by rounding and enlargment with a hyphal segment
Ex: Yeast --> C. albicans |
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Sporangiospore
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Formed with a sac at the end of an aerial hypha
ex: Rhizopus |
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Three phases of Sexual Reproduction in Fungi
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1. Plasmogamy
2. Karyogamy 3. Meiosis |
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Plasmogamy
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- When a haploid (+) donor nucleus penetrates the cytoplasm of the recipient (-) cell
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Karyogamy
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- When the (+) and the (-) cell nuclei fuse together
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Meiosis
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- When 1 diploid nucleus (2n) makes haploid (1n) nuclei --> sexual spores
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Three sexual spores
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1. Zygospore
2. Ascospore 3. Basidospore |
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Zygospore
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- When the haploid cells fuse together
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Ascospore
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- Formed in a sac [ascus]
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Basidospore
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- Formed on an external pedestal
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4 Medically Important Phyla of Fungi
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1. Zygomycota
2. Ascomycota 3. Anamorphs 4. Basidomycota |
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Zygomycota
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- Coenocytic
- Conjugation Fungi - Make Sporangiospores & Zygospores |
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Ascomycota
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- Septate
- Teleomorphic - Sac Fungi - Ascospores & Conidospores |
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Zygospore
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- When the haploid cells fuse together
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Anamorphs
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- Asexual form in the life cycle of a fungus that has lost the ability of sexual repdocution
- Ascomycota (rRNA) & Basidomycota Ex: Penicilum, Sporothrix, Pneumocytis, & Candida Albican |
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Penicilum
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- Anamoprh
- Used to make antibiotic Penicilin |
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Sporothrix
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- Anamorph
- Subcutaneous mycosis - Skin infection below the epidermis |
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Pneumocytis
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- Pneumonia caused by a yeast like fungus
- Systemic mycosis - Opportunistic Pathogen |
