Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is a nitrogen base?
|
nitrogen base is a carbon ring structure that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen
|
|
|
What is a double helix?
|
when something is twisted like a coiled spring the shape is called a helix but because DNA is composed of two stands twisted together its shape is called a double helix
|
|
|
What is a DNA replication?
|
the DNA in the chromosomes is copied in a process called DNA replication and with out the DNA replication new cells would have only half the DNA of their parents
|
|
|
what is a messenger RNA?
|
messenger RNA brings information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cell's ribosomes
|
|
|
what is a ribosomal RNA?
|
the ribosomal RNA clamp onto the messenger RNA and use its information to assemble the amino acids in the correct order
|
|
|
what is a transfer RNA?
|
the transfer RNA transports amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into a protein
|
|
|
what is a transcription?
|
in the nucleus enzymes make an RNA copy of a portion of a DNA strand in a process called transcription
|
|
|
what is a codon?
|
each set of three nitorgen bases in messenger RNA coding for an amino acid is known as a codon
|
|
|
what is translation?
|
the process of converting the information in a sequence of amino acids that make up a protein in known as translation
|
|
|
what is mutation?
|
any change in the DNA sequence that also changes the protein it codes for is called mutation
|
|
|
what is point mutation?
|
when an incorrect amino acid is inserted into a growing protein chain during the process of translation the mistake affects the structure of the entire molecule this problem occurs if a point of mutation arises creates a point mutation
|
|
|
what is frameshift mutation?
|
a mutation in which a single base is added or deleted from the DNA is called a frameshift mutation
|
|
|
what is chromosomal mutation?
|
often chromosomes break and then rejoin incorrectly sometimes the parts join backwards or even join to the wrong chromosome these changes in chromosomes are called chromosomal mutation
|
|
|
what is a mutagen?
|
anything that can cause a change in the DNA is called a mutagen
|
