Ch.11

Front 1

pluralist democracy

Back 1

idea that individuals can find their political strength only in numbers, by joining with other like-minded people to get the representation they want.

Front 2

parties provide support for democratic government by...

Back 2

1.linkage between voter and elected officials

2. linking all members in all branches and level of government

3. articulate opposition to the ideas and policies of those elected to serve in government

Front 3

political parties

Back 3

organizations that seek to promote their ideas and policies by gaining control of government through nomination and election of candidate for office

Front 4

partisanship

Back 4

taking of political sides

Front 5

party organization

Back 5

represent systems of central committees at the national, state, and local level.

Front 6

electioneering

Back 6

recruiting and nominating candidates, defying policies, and getting candidates elected

Front 7

nominating convention

Back 7

formal party gathering that is bound by a number of strict rules relating to the selection of voting participants (delegates) and the nomination of candidates

Front 8

Party in government

Back 8

all candidates for national, state, and local offices who are elected

Front 9

governing

Back 9

controlling government by organizing and providing leadership for the legislative and executive branches, enacting policy, agendas, mobilizing support for party policy, and building coalitions.

Front 10

part-in-the-electorate

Back 10

ordinary citizens who identify with or have some feelings of attachment to one of the political parties

Front 11

party identification

Back 11

determined by public opinion surveys

-voter affiliation with a political party

-parties use this as necessary base of support during elections.

Front 12

party base

Back 12

members of political party who consistently vote for that party's candidates

SIG: not sufficient to win a national election since neither party has a majority of the national voter

Front 13

responsible party model

Back 13

part government when four conditions are met, class choice of ideological, candidates pledge to implement ideas, party held accountable by voters, and party control over members

Front 14

party machines

Back 14

tightly organized party systems at the state, city, and county levels that kept control of voters by getting them jobs, helping them out financially for votes

Front 15

party bosses

Back 15

party leaders, usually in urban districts, who exercise tight control over electioneering and patronage

-they choose the party's candidates for the general election.

SIG: Americans are not really in favor of this connotation

Front 16

patronage

Back 16

system in which successful party candidates reward supports with jobs or favors

Front 17

party primaries

Back 17

nomination of party candidates by registered party members rather than party bosses

- party-in-the-electorate chose between competing party candidates for a party's nomination, and civil reform.

Front 18

party eras

Back 18

extended periods of relative political stability in which one party tends to control both the presidency and congress

Front 19

realignment

Back 19

substantial and long-term shift in party allegiance bu individuals and groups, usually resulting in a change in policy direction

SIG: coalitions of groups supporting the parties changes

example: south used to be democrats because they didn't want to support Lincoln's party but now they are mostly republican

Front 20

Dealignment

Back 20

trend among voters to identify themselves as independent rather than as a member of a major party.

-

Front 21

party platform

Back 21

list of policy positions a party endorses and pledges it elected officials to enact.

-campaign promise

Front 22

party activists

Back 22

people who are committed to the value and policies of the party an who devote their resources to the party's cause.

-lifeblood of the campaign

-tend to be more extreme

Front 23

factions

Back 23

citizen united by some interest or passion that might be opposed to the common good

Front 24

interest groups

Back 24

organization of individuals who share a common political goal and unite for the purpose of influencing public policy decision

SIG: meant to provide specialized information on specific policies

Front 25

roles of interest groups

Back 25

1. representation

2. participation

3. education

4. agenda building

5. provision of program alternatives

6. program monitoring

Front 26

lobbying

Back 26

activity of persuading policymakers to support an interest group's position

Front 27

why do interest groups form?

Back 27

problem that needs to be solved or a threat to their interests that needs to be addressed,

have resources (time, money, etc.)

Front 28

free rider problem

Back 28

difficulty groups face in recruiting when potential members can gain the benefits of the group's action whether they join or not

SIG: overcome this problem by providing selective incentives to actors

Front 29

collective good

Back 29

a good or service that cannot be denied to others.

examples: public safety, clean air, etc.

-it is difficult to persuade people to join groups because there is nothing for them to get also members will find it difficult to see that they are making a difference

SIG: anyone can benefit from it

Front 30

selective incentives

Back 30

benefits available to their members that are not available to the general population

SIG: one way to overcome free rider policy

Front 31

material benefits

Back 31

tangible rewards that members use

example: information, magazine

Front 32

solidarity benefits

Back 32

selective incentives related to the interaction and bonding among groups members

Front 33

expressive benefits

Back 33

rewards that come from doing something that you believe in strongly.

Front 34

Types of interest groups

Back 34

1. economic

2. equal opportunity

3. government: representing both foreign and domestic government

Front 35

direct lobbying

Back 35

interaction with actual decision makers within government institutions.

Front 36

indirect lobbying

Back 36

attempts to influence public opinion and mobilize interest groups member or the general public to contact their elected representatives on an issue

Front 37

revolving door

Back 37

tendency of public officials, journalist and lobbyists to move between public and private sector jobs

-SIG: sets dangerous precedent to have such a cozy relationship between lobbyist and public officials

Front 38

political actions committees (PAC)

Back 38

Fundraisers for interests groups

Front 39

issue advocacy ads

Back 39

encourages constitutes to support or oppose a certain policy or candidate without directly telling them how to vote.

Front 40

social protest

Back 40

public activities design to bring attention to political causes, usually generated by those without access to conventional means of expressing their views

Front 41

grassroots lobbying

Back 41

indirect lobbying efforts that spring from widespread public concern

Front 42

astroturf lobbying

Back 42

indirect lobbying efforts that manipulates or creates public sentiments being artificial grassroots

Front 43

Loretta Lynch

Back 43

attorney general

Front 44

kennedy

Back 44

supreme vote person

Front 45

fractions

Back 45

political parties

SIG: goes back to washington and maddison wariness of fractions

running into the issues of hyperpartisanship,

danger to American democracy