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208 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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digestive tract
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AKA alimentary canal, or gastrointestinal tract; a continuous passageway from the mouth to the anus that prepares ingested food for use by the body cells through physical and chemical digestion, eliminates waste products from the body
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mouth
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opening through which food passes into the body; breaks down food into tiny particles by chewing and mixing with saliva
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tongue
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consists mostly of skeletal muscle; attached in the posterior of the mouth, provides movement and if the major organ for taste and speech
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palate
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separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
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soft palate
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posterior (back) portion, not supported by bone
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hard palate
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anterior (front) portion supported by bone
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uvula
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soft v-shaped mass that extends from the soft palate; directs food into throat
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pharynx, throat
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performs the swallowing action, passe food from mouth to esophagus
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esophagus
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10 inch tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach
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stomach
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j-shaped sac that mixes and stores food, secrets chemicals for digestion and hormones for local communication control
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cardia
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area around the opening of the esophagus
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fundus
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uppermost domed portion of the stomach
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body
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central portion of the stomach
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antrum
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lower portion of the stomach
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pylorus
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portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestine
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pyloric sphincter
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ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and duodenum
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small intestine
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20 ft canal extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine
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duodenum
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first 10-12 in of the small intestine
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jejunum
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second portion of the small intestine, appx. 8 ft long
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ileum
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third portion of the small intestine, appx. 11 ft long, connects to the large intestine
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large intestine
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canal appx. 5 ft long and extends from the ileum to the anus
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cecum
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blind U-shaped pouch that i the first portion of the large intestine
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colon
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2nd portion of the large intestine, divided into 4 parts: ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
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rectum
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remaining portion (bottom part) of the large intestine, appx. 8-10 in long, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus
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anus
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sphincter muscle at the end of the digestive tract
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salivary glands
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produce saliva
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liver
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produces bile, which is necessary for digestion of fats
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bile ducts
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passageways that carry bile; hepatic duct is passageway from liver, cystic duct is passageway from the gallbladder; they join to form the common bile duct- referred to as the biliary trat
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gallbladder
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small saclike structure that stores bile
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pancreas
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produces pancreatic juice, which helps digest all types of food and secrets insulin for carbohydrate metabolism
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peritoneum
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serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
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appendix
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small pouch, which has no function in digestion, attached to the cecum
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abdomen
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portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis
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an/o
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anus
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antr/o
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antrum (bottom part of stomach)
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cec/o
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cecum (large intestine)
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col/o, colon/o
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colon (large intestine)
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duoden/o
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duodenum (small intestine)
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enter/o
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intestine
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esophag/o
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esophagus
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gastr/o
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stomach
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ile/o
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ileum (small intestine)
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jejun/o
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jejunum (small intestine)
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or/o, stomat/o
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mouth
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proct/o, rect/o
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rectum
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sigmoid/o
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sigmoid colon
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abdomin/o , celi/o, lapar/o
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abdomen
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appendic/o
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appendix
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cheil/o
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lip
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cholangi/o
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bile duct
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chol/e
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gall, bile
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choledoch/o
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common bile duct
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diverticul/o
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diverticulum, blind pouch
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gingiv/o
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gum
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gloss/o, lingu/o
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tongue
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hepat/o
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liver
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herni/o
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hernia, or protrusion
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palat/o
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palate
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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peritone/o
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peritoneum
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polyp/o
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polyp, small growth
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pylor/o
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pylorus, pyloric sphincter
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sial/o
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saliva, salivary gland
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steat/o
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fat
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uvul/o
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uvula
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hemi-
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half
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-pepsia
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digestion
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appendicitis
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inflammation of the appendix
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cholangioma
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tumor of the bile duct
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cholecystitis
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inflammation of the gallbladder
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choledocholithiasis
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condition of stone in the common bile duct
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cholelithiasis
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condition of gall stones
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diverticulitis
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inflammation of the diverticulum
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diverticulosis
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abnormal condition of having diverticula
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esophagitis
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inflammation of the esophagus
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gastritis
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inflammation of the stomach
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gastroenteritis
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inflammation of the stomach and intestines
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gastroenterocolitis
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inflammation of the stomach, intestines and colon
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gingivitis
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inflammation of the gums
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hepatitis
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inflammation of the liver
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hepatoma
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tumor of the liver
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palatitis
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inflammation of the palate
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pancreatitis
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inflammation of the pancreas
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peritonitis
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inflammation of the peritoneum
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polyposis
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abnormal condition of polyps
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proctoptosis
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prolapse of the rectum
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rectocele
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protrusion of the rectum
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sialolith
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stone in the salivary gland
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steatohepatitis
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inflammation of the liver associated with (excess) fat
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uvulitis
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inflammation of the uvula
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adhesion
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abnormal growing together of two surfaces
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anorexia nervosa
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eating disorder characterized by prolonged refusal to eat
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bulimia nervosa
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eating disorder involving gorging with food followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse
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cirrhosis
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chronic destruction of the liver with gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue, commonly caused by alcoholism
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crohn disease
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chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
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duodenal ulcer
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ulcer in the duodenum
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gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
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the abnormal backwards flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus (acid reflux)
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hemochromatosis
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iron metabolism disorder when too much iron is absorbed from food
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hemorrhoid
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varicose vein in the rectal area which may be internal or external
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ileus
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obstruction of the intestines
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intussusception
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telescoping of a segment of the intestine
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irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
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periodic disturbances of bowel functions, such as diarrhea/constipation
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obesity
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excess of body fat
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peptic ulcer
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another name for gastric or duodenal ulcer
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polyp
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tumor-like growth extending outward from a mucous membrane
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ulcerative colitis
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inflammation of the colon with formation of ulcers
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volvulus
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twisting or kinking of the intestine, causing intestinal obstruction
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gastrostomy
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creation of an artificial opening into the stomach
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gingivectomy
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surgical removal of gum (tissue)
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glossorraphy
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suture of the tongue
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hemicolectomy
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excision of half the colon
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herniorraphy
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suturing of a hernia
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ileostomy
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creation of an artificial opening into the ileum
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laparotomy
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surgical incision into the abdomen
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palatoplasty
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surgical repair of the palate
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polypectomy
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excision of a polyp
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pyloromyotomy
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incision into the pyloric muscle
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pyloroplasty
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surgical repair of the pylorus
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uvulectomy
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excision of the uvula
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uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP)
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surgical repair of the uvula, palate, and pharynx
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abdominocentesis
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surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen
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abdominoplasty
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surgical repair of the abdomen
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anoplasty
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surgical repair of the anus
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antrectomy
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excision of the antrum
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appendicectomy
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excision of the appendix
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celiotomy
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incision into the abdominal cavity
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cheilorrhaphy
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suture of the lip
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cholecystectomy
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excision of the gallbladder
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choledocholithotomy
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incision into the common bile duct
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colectomy
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incision into the colon
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colostomy
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creation of an artificial opening into the colon
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diverticulectomy
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excision of the diverticulum
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enterorrhaphy
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suture of the intestine
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esophagogastroplasty
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surgical repair of the esophagus and stomach
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gastrectomy
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excision of the stomach
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gastrojejunostomy
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creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and jejunum
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gastroplasty
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surgical repair of the stomach
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abdominoperineal resection (A&P resection)
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removal of the colon and rectum through both abdominal and perineal approaches
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anastomosis
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an opening creating by surgically joining two structures such as blood vessels or bowel segments
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bariatric surgery
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surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity
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hemorrhoidectomy
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excision of hemorrhoids
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vagotomy
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cutting of certain regions of the vagus nerve to reduce the amount of gastric acid produced
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cholangiogram
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radiographic image of bile ducts
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cholangiography
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radiographic imaging of bile ducts
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cholecystogram
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radiographic image of gallbladder
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CT colonography
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radiographic imaging of the colon using a CT scanner
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esophagogram
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radiographic image of the esophagus
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colonoscope
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instrument used for visual examination of the colon
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colonscopy
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visual examination of the colon
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endoscope
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instrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ
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endoscopy
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visual examination within a hollow organ
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esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
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visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
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esophagoscope
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instrument used for visual examination of the esophagus
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esophagoscopy
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visual examination of the esophagus
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gastroscope
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instrument used for visual examination of the stomach
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gastroscopy
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visual examination of the stomach
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laparoscope
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instrument used for visual examination of the abdomen
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laparoscopy
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visual examination of the abdomen
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proctoscope
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instrument used for visual examination of the rectum
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proctoscopy
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visual examination of the rectum
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sigmoidoscope
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instrument used for visual examination of the sigmoid colon
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sigmoidoscopy
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visual examination of the sigmoid colon
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abdominal ultrasonography
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process of recording images of internal organs using high-frequency sound waves produced by a transducer placed directly on the skin covering the abdomen
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barium enema (BE)
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series of radiographic images taken of the large intestine after a barium enema has been administered (lower GI series)
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upper GI series
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series of radiographic images taken of the stomach and duodenum after barium has been administered
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endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
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radiographic examination of the biliary tract and pancreatic ducts with contrast media, fluoroscopy, and endoscopy
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endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
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procedure using an endoscope fitted with an ultrasound probe that provides images of layers of the intestinal wall
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fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
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test to detect occult (hidden) blood in feces
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helicobacter pylori antibodies test
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a blood test to determine the presence of H. pylori bacteria found in the lining of the stomach
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abdominal
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pertaining to the abdomen
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anal
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pertaining to the anus
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aphagia
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without swallowing
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colorectal
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pertaining to the colon and rectum
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dyspepia
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difficult digestion
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dysphagia
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difficult swallowing
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gastrodynia
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pain in the stomach
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gastroenterologist
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a physician who studies and treats diseases of the stomach and intestines
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gastroenterology
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the study of the stomach and intestines
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gastromalacia
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softening of the stomach
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glossopathy
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disease of the tongue
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ileocecal
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pertaining to the ileum and cecum
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nasogastric
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pertaining to the nose and stomach
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oral
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pertaining to the mouth
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pancreatic
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pertaining to the pancreas
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peritoneal
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pertaining to the peritoneum
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proctologist
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physician who studies and treats diseases of the rectum
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proctology
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study of the rectum
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rectal
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pertaining to the rectum
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steatorrhea
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discharge of fat
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steatosis
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abnormal condition of fat
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stromatogastric
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pertaining to the mouth and stomach
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sublingual
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pertaining to under the tongue
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ascites
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abnormal collection of fluid in the peritneal cavity
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diarrhea
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frequent discharge of liquid stool
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dysentery
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disorder that involved inflammation of the intestine associated with diarrhea and abdominal pain
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emesis
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expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth (vomiting)
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feces
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poop
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flatus
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gas in the digestive tract
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gastric lavage
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washing out of the stomach
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gavage
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process of feeding a person through a nasogastric tube
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hematemesis
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vomiting of blood
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hematochezia
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passage of bloody feces
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melena
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black, tarry stool that contains digested blood
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nausea
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urge to vomit
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peristalsis
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involuntary wavelike contractions that propel food along the digestive tract
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reflux
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abnormal backward flow of stomach contents
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stoma
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surgical opening between an organ and the surface of the body
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vomiting
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expelling matter from the stomach out of the mouth
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