Ch.10 The Eye

Front 1

aque/o

Back 1

water

Front 2

blephar/o

Back 2

eyelid

Front 3

conjunctiv/o

Back 3

conjunctiva (to join together)

Front 4

corne/o
kerat/o

Back 4

cornea

Front 5

ir/o
irid/o

Back 5

colored circle, iris

Front 6

lacrim/o
dacry/o

Back 6

tear

Front 7

ocul/o
ophthalm/o
opt/o

Back 7

eye

Front 8

phac/o
phak/o

Back 8

lens (lentil)

Front 9

phot/o

Back 9

light

Front 10

presby/o

Back 10

old age

Front 11

retin/o

Back 11

retina

Front 12

scler/o

Back 12

hard or sclera

Front 13

vitre/o

Back 13

glassy

Front 14

-opia (additional suffix)

Back 14

condition of vision

Front 15

anterior chamber

Back 15

fluid-filled space between cornea and iris

Front 16

aqueous humor

Back 16

watery liquid secreted at the ciliary body that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens (humor = fluid)

Front 17

canal of schlemm

Back 17

duct in anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream

Front 18

choroid

Back 18

vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to outer portion of the retina

Front 19

ciliary body

Back 19

ring of muscle behind the peripheral iris that controls the focusing shape of the lens

Front 20

ciliary muscle

Back 20

smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near vision capability

Front 21

ciliary processes

Back 21

epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor

Front 22

conjunctiva

Back 22

mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball

Front 23

cornea

Back 23

transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract (bend) light to focus a visual image

Front 24

eyelid (palpebra)

Back 24

movable protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye

Front 25

fovea centralis

Back 25

pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision (fovea = pit)

Front 26

fundus (base)

Back 26

interior surface of the eyeball including the retina, optic disc, macula, and posterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye)

Front 27

glands of zeis

Back 27

oil glands surrounding the eyelashes

Front 28

meibomian glands

Back 28

oil glands located along the rim of the eyelids

Front 29

iris

Back 29

colored circle; colored part of the eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regulate light passing through the pupil

Front 30

lacrimal gland

Back 30

gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears

Front 31

lacrimal ducts

Back 31

tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac

Front 32

lacrimal sac

Back 32

structure that collects tears before emptying into nasolacrimal duct

Front 33

lens

Back 33

transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina

Front 34

lens capsule

Back 34

capsule that encloses the lens

Front 35

macula lutea (macula)

Back 35

central region of the retina responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provides its color (lutea = yellow)

Front 36

nasolacrimal duct

Back 36

passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose

Front 37

optic disc

Back 37

exit site of retinal nerve fibers

Front 38

optic nerve

Back 38

nerve responsible for carrying impulses for the sense of sight from the retina to the brain

Front 39

posterior chamber

Back 39

space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous chamber filled with aqueous humor

Front 40

pupil

Back 40

black circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye

Front 41

retina

Back 41

innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve

Front 42

cones

Back 42

cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light

Front 43

rods

Back 43

rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light

Front 44

sclera

Back 44

tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve

Front 45

trabecular meshwork

Back 45

mesh-like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aqueous humor as it flows into the canal of schlemm

Front 46

vitreous

Back 46

jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye

Front 47

asthenopia

Back 47

eyestrain (asthenia = weak condition)

Front 48

blepharospasm

Back 48

involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing

Front 49

diplopia

Back 49

double vision

Front 50

exophthalmos
exophthalmus

Back 50

abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs

Front 51

lacrimation

Back 51

secretion of tears

Front 52

nystagmus

Back 52

involuntary, rapid oscillating movement of the eyeball (nystagmos = a nodding)

Front 53

photophobia

Back 53

extreme sensitivity to, and discomfort from, light

Front 54

scotoma

Back 54

blind spot in vision (skotos = darkness)

Front 55

refractive errors

Back 55

defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina

Front 56

astigmatism

Back 56

distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina (stigma = point)

Front 57

hyperopia

Back 57

farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina

Front 58

myopia

Back 58

nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a point in front of the retina

Front 59

PRESBYOPIA

Back 59

impaired vision caused by old age or loss of accommodation

Front 60

ACCOMMODATION

Back 60

ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects

Front 61

APHAKIA

Back 61

absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction

Front 62

BLEPHARITIS

Back 62

inflammation of the eyelid

Front 63

BLEPHAROCHALASIS

Back 63

baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open (chalasis = a slackening)

Front 64

BLEPHAROPTOSIS
PTOSIS

Back 64

drooping of the eyelid, usually caused by paralysis

Front 65

CHALAZION

Back 65

chronic nodular inflammation of a meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct (chalaza = hailstone)

Front 66

CATARACT

Back 66

opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision

Front 67

CONJUNCTIVITIS

Back 67

pinkeye; inflammation of the conjunctiva

Front 68

DACRYOADENITIS

Back 68

inflammation of the lacrimal gland

Front 69

DACRYOCYSTITIS

Back 69

inflammation of the tear sac

Front 70

DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Back 70

disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation (neovascularization) leading to scarring and loss of vision

Front 71

ECTROPION

Back 71

outward turning of the rim of the eyelid (tropo = turning)

Front 72

ENTROPION

Back 72

inward turning of the rim of the eyelid

Front 73

EPIPHORA

Back 73

abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct (epi = upon, phero = to bear)

Front 74

GLAUCOMA

Back 74

a group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision

Front 75

HORDEOLUM

Back 75

a sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid (hordeum = barley)

Front 76

IRITIS

Back 76

inflammation of the iris

Front 77

KERATITIS

Back 77

inflammation of the cornea

Front 78

MACULAR DEGENERATION

Back 78

breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision

Front 79

PSEUDOPHAKIA

Back 79

an eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant (pseudo = false)

Front 80

PTERYGIUM

Back 80

a fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, developing most commonly from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light

Front 81

RETINAL DETACHMENT

Back 81

separation of the retina from underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically

Front 82

RETINITIS

Back 82

inflammation of the retina

Front 83

STRABISMUS
HETEROTROPIA

Back 83

a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance (strabismus = a squinting, hetero = other)

Front 84

ESOTROPIA

Back 84

right or left eye deviates inward toward nose (eso = inward, tropo = turning)

Front 85

EXOTROPIA

Back 85

right or left eye deviates outward away from nose (exo = out, tropo = turning)

Front 86

SCLERITIS

Back 86

inflammation of the sclera

Front 87

TRICHIASIS

Back 87

misdirected eyelashes that rub on conjunctiva or cornea

Front 88

DISTANCE VISUAL ACUITY

Back 88

a measure of the ability to see the details and shape of identifiable objects from a specified distance, usually from 20 feet (6m); normal distance visual acuity is 20/20

Front 89

FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY

Back 89

visualization and photography of retinal and choroidal vessels made as fluorescein dye, which is injected into a vein, circulates through the eye

Front 90

OPTHALMOSCOPY

Back 90

use of an opthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye

Front 91

SLIT LAMP BIOMICROSCOPY

Back 91

use of a tabletop microscope used to examine the eye, especially the cornea, lens, fluids, and membranes

Front 92

SONOGRAPHY

Back 92

use of high-frequency sound waves to detect pathology within the eye, such as foreign bodies or detached retina

Front 93

TONOMETRY

Back 93

use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure, which is elevated in glaucoma

Front 94

BLEPHAROPLASTY

Back 94

surgical repair of an eyelid

Front 95

CATARACT EXTRACTION

Back 95

excision of a cloudy lens from the eye

Front 96

CRYORETINOPEXY
CRYOPEXY

Back 96

use of intense cold to seal a hole or tear in the retina; used to treat retinal detachment

Front 97

DACRYOCYSTECTOMY

Back 97

excision of a lacrimal sac

Front 98

ENUCLEATION

Back 98

excision of an eyeball

Front 99

IRIDECTOMY

Back 99

excision of a portion of iris tissue

Front 100

IRIDOTOMY

Back 100

incision into the iris (usually with a laser) to allow for drainage of aqueous humor from the posterior to anterior chamber; used to treat a type of glaucoma

Front 101

KERATOPLASTY

Back 101

corneal transplant

Front 102

LASER SURGERY

Back 102

use of a laser to make incisions or destroy tissues (used to create fluid passages or obliterate tumors, aneurysms, etc)

Front 103

LASER-ASSISTED IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIS (LASIK)

Back 103

a technique using the excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea to correct refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism (smileusis = carving)

Front 104

INTRAOCULAR LENS (IOL) IMPLANT

Back 104

implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens (e.g., after cataract extraction)

Front 105

PHACOEMULSIFICATION

Back 105

use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract with aspiration and removal

Front 106

CONTACT LENS

Back 106

a small, plastic, curved disc with optical correction that fits over the cornea; used to correct refractive errors

Front 107

EYE INSTILLATION

Back 107

introduction of a medicated solution in the eye usually administered by drop (gt) or drops (gtt) in the affected eye or eyes:
OD oculus dexter - right eye
OS oculus sinister - left eye
OU oculi unitas - both eyes

Front 108

EYE IRRIGATION

Back 108

washing of the eye with water or other fluid (like saline)

Front 109

ANTIBIOTIC OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION

Back 109

antimicrobial agent in solution; used to treat bacterial infections (such as conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers)

Front 110

MYDRIATIC (DILATION OF PUPIL)

Back 110

an agent that causes dilation of the pupil (used for certain eye examninations)

Front 111

MIOTIC

Back 111

an agent that causes the pupil to contract (mio = less)