Ch1 Reviewbook Important Terms And Identifications

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written by Thomas Hobbes, where he explained his ideas about human nature and govt.

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The Leviathon

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the basic principle that government is not all-powerful, and that it does only those things that citizens allow it to do.

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Limited government

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- the state of nature that include the right to "life, liberty, and property"

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Natural rights

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presented by William Patterson who argued for unicameral legislature, and each state would have the same vote.

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New Jersey Plan

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What is the process called for ratifying amendments

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Ratification

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The title of Locke's essay that stated that people form governments to protect these natural rights, giving up their freedom to govern themselves through a social contract between government and the governed

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Second Treatise on Government

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the division of government's powers into three separate branches: executive, legislative, judicial

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Separation of powers

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this fight was eventually controlled, but it encouraged leaders to seek a stronger central government.

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Shay's Rebellion

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an agreement between rulers and citizens that protects individual rights is called

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Social contract

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People are born with natural rights includes right to life, liberty, and property this is called

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State of nature

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allowed southern states to count a slave as three-fifths of a person, allowing a balance power between North and South

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Three-fifths compromise

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each state would have the same vote in a one house legislature

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Unicameral legislature

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The constitutional plan that called for a stronger central government and a bicameral legislature

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Virginia Plan

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He agreed with Hobbes that humans are basically self-centered, but he believed that they could be rational and even moral and that they had the right to rebel

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John Locke

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the power of the courts to declare statutes unconstitutional and interpret Constitution when disputes arise.

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Judicial Review

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Acts of Congress, Judicial Rulings and Executive orders by the President can change the meaning of the Constitution

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Informal amendment process

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- also called the Connecticut Compromise called for one house in which each state have an equal vote, and a second house in which representation would be based on population

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The Great Compromise

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Amendment may be proposed by a 2/3 vote of each house of Congress and ratified by at least 3/4 of the state legislatures.

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Formal amendment process

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This groups of colonist supported the greatly increased power of the central government and believed that the Constitution adequately protected individual liberties

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Federalists

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This type of governmental system includes a division and sharing of power between the national government and the states

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Federalism

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These essays defended the Ratification of the Constitution, written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay

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Federalist Papers

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Madison's name for special interest groups

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Factions

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grew out of the Scientific Revolution of the 17th centuries, a time of amazing discoveries that formed the basis of modern science.

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European Enlightenment

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people selected by each state legislature to formally cast their ballots for presidency

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Electoral college

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written in 1913 by Charles Beard; founders created a constitution that benefited their economic interest

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An Economic interpretation of the Constitution

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the only valid government is one based on this.

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Consent of the governed

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- a political system in which branches of government have some authority over the actions of the others

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Checks and Balances

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ten amendments that guaranteed individual freedoms and rights.

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Bill of Rights

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this type of legislature would have a larger house with members elected by popular vote and the smaller, more aristocratic house selected by the larger house from nominees from state legislature

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Bicameral legislature

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this system of government allowed states to retain their powers, and the newly formed central government had severe limitations

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Articles of Confederation

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this group of colonist believed that the proposed government would be oppressive and that more individual freedoms and rights should be explicitly guaranteed.

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Anti-Federalists