Ch1

Front 1

Applied research

Back 1

which is research aimed at answering real-world, practical problems.

Front 2

Behavior

Back 2

our outward or overt actions and reactions, such as talking, facial expressions, and movement.

Front 3

Biopsychological perspective

Back 3

human and animal behavior is seen as a direct result of events in the body

Front 4

Cognitive Neuroscience

Back 4

Study of the physical changes in the brain and nervous system during thinking.

Front 5

Cognitive Perspective

Back 5

Modern perspective that focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning.

Front 6

Cognitive psychology

Back 6

which focuses on how people think, remember, store, and use information,

Front 7

Edward Titchener

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Wundt’s student, expanded on Wundt’s original ideas, calling his new viewpoint structuralism; believed every experience could be broken down into individual emotions and sensations

Front 8

Evolutionary perspective

Back 8

focuses on the biological bases for universal mental characteristics that all humans share. Ex why we lie.

Front 9

Experimenter Effect

Back 9

Tendency of the experimenter's expectations for a study to unintentionally influence the results of the study.

Front 10

Freud believed

Back 10

that all behavior stems from unconscious motivation, whereas Watson believed that all behavior is learned.

Front 11

Functionalism

Back 11

how people work, play, and adapt to their surroundings

Front 12

Gestalt psychology

Back 12

studying sensation and perception as a whole not in parts

Front 13

Humanists

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held the view that people have free will, the freedom to choose their own destiny, and strive for self-actualization, the achievement of one’s full potential.

Front 14

Ivan Pavlov

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a Russian physiologist who showed that a reflex (an involuntary reaction) could be caused to occur in response to a formerly unrelated stimulus. (Dogs Saliva)

Front 15

Margaret F. Washburn

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Titchener’s student, first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology; Published The Animal Mind.

Front 16

Mary Whiton Calkins

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one of James students, established a psychological laboratory at Wellesley College, and her work was some of the earliest research in the area of human memory

Front 17

Max Wertheimer

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believed that psychological events such as perceiving and sensing could not be broken down into any smaller elements and still be properly understood. Ex smartphone taken apart = not smartphone

Front 18

Mental processes

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refers to all the internal, covert (hidden) activity of our minds, such as thinking, feeling, and remembering.

Front 19

Objective introspection

Back 19

the process of objectively examining and measuring one’s own thoughts and mental activities

Front 20

Observer effect

Back 20

people who know they are being watched will not behave normally

Front 21

Operational Definition

Back 21

Definition of a variable of interest that allows it to be directly measured.

Front 22

Participant observation

Back 22

a naturalistic observation in which the observer becomes a participant in the group being observed.

Front 23

Pseudopsychologies

Back 23

Systems of explaining human behavior that are not based on or consistent with scientific evidence.

Front 24

Psychiatric Social Worker

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A social worker with some training in therapy methods who focuses on the environmental conditions that can have an impact on mental disorders, such as poverty, overcrowding, stress, and drug abuse.

Front 25

Psychiatrist

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A medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

Front 26

Psychoanalyst

Back 26

Either a psychiatrist or a psychologist who has special training in the theories of Sigmund Freud and his method of psychoanalysis.

Front 27

Psychodynamic Perspective

Back 27

Modern version of psychoanalysis that is more focused on the development of a sense of self and the discovery of other motivations behind a person's behavior than sexual motivations.

Front 28

Psychologist

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A professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology.

Front 29

Psychology

Back 29

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Front 30

Scientific method

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System of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced.

Front 31

Sigmund Freud

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unconscious mind

Front 32

Sociocultural Perspective

Back 32

Perspective that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture.

Front 33

structuralism

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which the focus of study is the structure or basic elements of the mind;

Front 34

What are psychology’s four primary goals?

Back 34

description, explanation, prediction, and control

Front 35

Wilhelm Wundt

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a physiologist, attempted to apply scientific principles to the study of the human mind; known as father of psychology

Front 36

William James

Back 36

Harvard Professor, was interested in the importance of consciousness to everyday life rather than just its analysis.