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376 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define microbiology |
Study of organisms too small to be seen without magnification |
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Micro organisms include: |
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, algae, helminths(worms) |
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Define biotechnology |
study and creation of vaccines and drugs |
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Define bioremediation |
Uses biological process to overcome environmental problems |
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2 types of microbes: |
Cellular and non-cellular |
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3 names of microbes: |
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Viruses |
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Prokaryotes are measured in... |
Micrometers |
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Viruses are measured in.... |
Nanometers |
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Anthony van Leeuwenhoek discovered... |
Discovered microbiology "Animalcules" Made simple magnifying glass. |
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Spontaneous generation is... |
life arise spontaneously from non-living material |
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Aseptic means... |
Without contamination |
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Sterilization means... |
Absence of all living organisms |
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Two major contributors to the Pathogens and Germ Theory: |
Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch |
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Louis Pasteur |
Showed microbes cause fermentation and spoilage. Disapproved spontaneous generation. Develop pasteurization |
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Robert Koch  |
Germ theory Identified anthrax |
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Who is considered the father of microbiology |
Louis pasture |
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Who discovered endospores |
Ferdinand Cohn |
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Who is considered the father of bacteriology and protozoology |
Anthony can Leeuwenhoek |
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Who's experiments finally this prove the theory of biogenesis |
Louis pastor |
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Joseph Lister's concept of asepsis in the medical setting assisted primarily of what technique |
Handwashing |
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Robert Koch used what micro organism? |
Anthrax |
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What is the smallest and most specific of a levels of classification |
Species |
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The micro organisms that do not have a nucleus and their cells are called.... |
Prokaryotes |
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Pastor used swan neck flask in his experiment to prove what |
Dust in air was a source of living microorganisms |
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Spontaneous generation is the believe that |
Living things arise from nonliving matter |
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What is the name of the surgeon who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery |
Joseph Lister |
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Which scientist discovered heat resistant bacterial spores |
Ferdinand Cohn |
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When microbes are introduced into the environment to restore stability, the process is called... |
Bioremediation |
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Who demonstrated worms on rotting meat to disprove spontaneous generations of microorganisms |
Francisco redi |
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Who demonstrated worms on rotting meat to disprove spontaneous generations of microorganisms |
Francisco redi |
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English physicist help prove Louis pasture theory to be correct was... |
John Tyndall |
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Define fermentation |
Conversion of sugar to alcohol to make beer and wine |
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Define pasteurization |
Application of a high heat for short amount of time |
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Define pasteurization |
Application of a high heat for short amount of time |
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First to show importance of handwashing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever.. |
Ignaz Semmelweis |
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Define pasteurization |
Application of a high heat for short amount of time |
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First to show importance of handwashing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever.. |
Ignaz Semmelweis |
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Who is Edward Jenner |
The first to inoculate another person with cowpox virus, who then was protected from the smallpox disease. Led to him immunity |
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Define pasteurization |
Application of a high heat for short amount of time |
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First to show importance of handwashing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever.. |
Ignaz Semmelweis |
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Who is Edward Jenner |
The first to inoculate another person with cowpox virus, who then was protected from the smallpox disease. Led to him immunity |
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What is the magic bullet |
First synthetic drug. Used to treat malaria. |
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Define pasteurization |
Application of a high heat for short amount of time |
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First to show importance of handwashing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever.. |
Ignaz Semmelweis |
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Who is Edward Jenner |
The first to inoculate another person with cowpox virus, who then was protected from the smallpox disease. Led to him immunity |
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What is the magic bullet |
First synthetic drug. Used to treat malaria. |
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Erlich created what |
The magic bullet, he was the first to make a vaccine to kill the pathogens without harming the host |
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Define pasteurization |
Application of a high heat for short amount of time |
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First to show importance of handwashing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever.. |
Ignaz Semmelweis |
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Who is Edward Jenner |
The first to inoculate another person with cowpox virus, who then was protected from the smallpox disease. Led to him immunity |
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What is the magic bullet |
First synthetic drug. Used to treat malaria. |
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Erlich created what |
The magic bullet, he was the first to make a vaccine to kill the pathogens without harming the host |
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Fleming discovered what... |
Discovered first antibiotic. Penicillin fungus made an antibiotic that killed s. Aureus. First drug to be tested in mass produced |
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Define pasteurization |
Application of a high heat for short amount of time |
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First to show importance of handwashing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever.. |
Ignaz Semmelweis |
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|
Who is Edward Jenner |
The first to inoculate another person with cowpox virus, who then was protected from the smallpox disease. Led to him immunity |
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What is the magic bullet |
First synthetic drug. Used to treat malaria. |
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Erlich created what |
The magic bullet, he was the first to make a vaccine to kill the pathogens without harming the host |
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Fleming discovered what... |
Discovered first antibiotic. Penicillin fungus made an antibiotic that killed s. Aureus. First drug to be tested in mass produced |
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What is the miracle drug |
Penicillin |
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What is the Golden age of microbiology |
Time when most pathogenic bacteria were identified |
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Biotechnology... |
The use of microbes to produce food and chemicals |
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Biotechnology... |
The use of microbes to produce food and chemicals |
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Describe bacteria |
Single celled prokaryotes no membrane-bound nucleus DNA in Nucleoid
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Biotechnology... |
The use of microbes to produce food and chemicals |
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Describe bacteria |
Single celled prokaryotes no membrane-bound nucleus DNA in Nucleoid
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Describe archaea |
Prokaryotes Lack peptidoglycan |
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Biotechnology... |
The use of microbes to produce food and chemicals |
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Describe bacteria |
Single celled prokaryotes no membrane-bound nucleus DNA in Nucleoid
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Describe archaea |
Prokaryotes Lack peptidoglycan |
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Describe eukaryotes |
Has a nucleus More complex than prokaryotes |
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What organisms are in the domain eucarya |
Fungi, algae, protozoa |
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What organisms are in the domain eucarya |
Fungi, algae, protozoa |
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Distinguishing features of algae |
Plant or protist Single or multicellular Primarily lives in water |
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Distinguishing features of fungi |
Single celled Molds and mushrooms Primarily lives on land |
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Helminths are... |
Roundworms |
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Helminths are... |
Roundworms |
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Describe distinguishing features of viruses |
-Variety of shapes -Infect living cells -Nucleic acid packaged in protein coat |
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Helminths are... |
Roundworms |
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Describe distinguishing features of viruses |
-Variety of shapes -Infect living cells -Nucleic acid packaged in protein coat |
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Where would you find members of the archaea |
Salt flats or Hot Springs |
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Helminths are... |
Roundworms |
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Describe distinguishing features of viruses |
-Variety of shapes -Infect living cells -Nucleic acid packaged in protein coat |
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Where would you find members of the archaea |
Salt flats or Hot Springs |
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Why are viruses not considered microorganisms |
Micro organisms are living cells. Viruses are not alive |
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Helminths are... |
Roundworms |
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Describe distinguishing features of viruses |
-Variety of shapes -Infect living cells -Nucleic acid packaged in protein coat |
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Where would you find members of the archaea |
Salt flats or Hot Springs |
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Why are viruses not considered microorganisms |
Micro organisms are living cells. Viruses are not alive |
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The property of endospores that lead to confusion in the experiment on spontaneous generation is their_______ |
Heat resistance |
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Helminths are... |
Roundworms |
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Describe distinguishing features of viruses |
-Variety of shapes -Infect living cells -Nucleic acid packaged in protein coat |
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Where would you find members of the archaea |
Salt flats or Hot Springs |
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Why are viruses not considered microorganisms |
Micro organisms are living cells. Viruses are not alive |
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The property of endospores that lead to confusion in the experiment on spontaneous generation is their_______ |
Heat resistance |
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The golden age of microbiology was the time when__________ |
Most pathogenic bacteria were identified |
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Helminths are... |
Roundworms |
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Describe distinguishing features of viruses |
-Variety of shapes -Infect living cells -Nucleic acid packaged in protein coat |
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Where would you find members of the archaea |
Salt flats or Hot Springs |
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Why are viruses not considered microorganisms |
Micro organisms are living cells. Viruses are not alive |
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The property of endospores that lead to confusion in the experiment on spontaneous generation is their_______ |
Heat resistance |
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The golden age of microbiology was the time when__________ |
Most pathogenic bacteria were identified |
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Microorganisms play a role in: |
Disease, biodegradation, cheese production, nitrogen recycling |
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What disease was once thought to be due to stress but is now known to be caused by bacteria |
Peptic ulcer's |
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What disease was once thought to be due to stress but is now known to be caused by bacteria |
Peptic ulcer's |
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The prokaryotic members of the microbial world include: |
Bacteria and archaea |
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What disease was once thought to be due to stress but is now known to be caused by bacteria |
Peptic ulcer's |
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The prokaryotic members of the microbial world include: |
Bacteria and archaea |
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The archaea__________ |
Are microscopic and commonly found in extreme environments |
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Prokaryotes typically do not have _______________ |
A nuclear membrane |
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Nucleoid's are associated with: |
Genetic information and prokaryotes |
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Nucleoid's are associated with: |
Genetic information and prokaryotes |
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Viruses contain both protein and nucleic acid and ________________________________ |
Infect all domains of life |
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Nucleoid's are associated with: |
Genetic information and prokaryotes |
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Viruses contain both protein and nucleic acid and ________________________________ |
Infect all domains of life |
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Anthony van Leeuwenhoek could not have discovered___________ |
Viruses |
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Taxonomic categories are in what order.... |
Kingdom phylum class order family genes species |
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Taxonomic categories are in what order.... |
Kingdom phylum class order family genes species |
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What is not a characteristic of bacteria |
Have the same shape |
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Taxonomic categories are in what order.... |
Kingdom phylum class order family genes species |
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What is not a characteristic of bacteria |
Have the same shape |
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What is an essential functions performed by bacteria |
Decompose organic materials and recycle elements |
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Taxonomic categories are in what order.... |
Kingdom phylum class order family genes species |
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What is not a characteristic of bacteria |
Have the same shape |
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What is an essential functions performed by bacteria |
Decompose organic materials and recycle elements |
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Some microbes do not require air. True or false |
True |
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Taxonomic categories are in what order.... |
Kingdom phylum class order family genes species |
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What is not a characteristic of bacteria |
Have the same shape |
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What is an essential functions performed by bacteria |
Decompose organic materials and recycle elements |
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Some microbes do not require air. True or false |
True |
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Who created the system of nomenclature |
Linnaeus |
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Eukaryotes include all except__________ |
Viruses |
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Who developed postulates for germ theory of diseases? |
Robert Koch |
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Who developed the magic bullet |
Ehrlich |
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Who use the first microscope |
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek |
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Who created the staining technique |
Gram |
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Example of hemorrhagic fever virus is..... |
Hanta virus |
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Watson and crick did what |
Associated with DNA |
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Watson and crick did what |
Associated with DNA |
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All bacillus have _________ |
Spores |
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Watson and crick did what |
Associated with DNA |
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All bacillus have _________ |
Spores |
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Assume you stain bracillus by applying malachite green, what structure would be green? |
Endospores |
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3-D images of dead cells can be produced with what type of microscope |
Scanning electron microscope |
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3-D images of dead cells can be produced with what type of microscope |
Scanning electron microscope |
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Carbolfushin can be used as a negative stain to view_________ |
Capsule |
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Capsule uses what kind of stain |
Negative |
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Capsule uses what kind of stain |
Negative |
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To view the cell arrangement what stain would you perform? |
Simple stain |
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What is the size range of most bacteria |
1 to 10 nm |
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What is the size range of most bacteria |
1 to 10 nm |
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What is the size range of most eukaryotes |
10–100 nm |
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Anthony can Leeuwenhoek used what type of microscope to view the animalcules? |
Simple microscope |
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Which microscope has the greatest resolution and highest magnification |
Transmission Electron microscope |
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Which microscope has the greatest resolution and highest magnification |
Transmission Electron microscope |
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The microscope that uses UV light is called |
Florescence microscope |
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Which microscope has the greatest resolution and highest magnification |
Transmission Electron microscope |
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The microscope that uses UV light is called |
Florescence microscope |
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Which staining technique would you used to distinguish two different bacteria |
Gram |
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What is a mordant |
Form crystals, thus preventing crystal violet from leaving the cells. It acts as an adhesive for the bacteria to the slide |
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What is a mordant |
Form crystals, thus preventing crystal violet from leaving the cells. It acts as an adhesive for the bacteria to the slide |
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To determine the size and shape of the bacteria what type of stain would you use |
Negative stain |
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To view the capsules what would you stain |
Negative stain |
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What is the gram-positive color |
Purple |
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What is the gram-positive color |
Purple |
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What is the gram-negative color |
Red |
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When you acid-fast, what happens |
Resist the decolorization must heat fix includes wax- mycolic acid |
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Gram-positive or gram-negative. Which is killed by penicillin |
Gram-positive |
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Gram-positive or gram-negative. Which is killed by penicillin |
Gram-positive |
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Gram-positive or grandma negative. Which is more resistant to antibiotics |
Gram-negative |
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Who is Hans Gram |
Develop stain techniques |
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Who is Hans Gram |
Develop stain techniques |
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Size range of bacteria |
1 µm |
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Who is Hans Gram |
Develop stain techniques |
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Size range of bacteria |
1 µm |
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Size range of viruses |
20–400 nm |
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Who is Hans Gram |
Develop stain techniques |
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Size range of bacteria |
1 µm |
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Size range of viruses |
20–400 nm |
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Range of human eye |
390–700 nm |
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Who is Hans Gram |
Develop stain techniques |
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Size range of bacteria |
1 µm |
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Size range of viruses |
20–400 nm |
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Range of human eye |
390–700 nm |
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Types of light microscopes (4) |
Brightfield Dark field Fluorescence Phase-contract |
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Define resolution |
The ability of lenses to distinguish two points |
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Define contrast |
Determines how easily cells that can be seen. Stains increase contrast but kills microbes |
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What is the most common light microscope |
Brightfield |
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Florescence microscope |
-Use a UV light -Absorbs UV light and admits visible light -cells may be stained with fluorescent dyes |
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Florescence microscope |
-Use a UV light -Absorbs UV light and admits visible light -cells may be stained with fluorescent dyes |
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Scanning laser microscope |
Obtain detail view of interior of Intech cells. Specimen usually staying with fluorescent dye |
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Describe negative staining |
Staining the background instead of the cell |
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Describe negative staining |
Staining the background instead of the cell |
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Endospores require what to make a stain |
Heat |
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Flagella requires what to make a visible stains |
Mordant |
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Flagella requires what to make a visible stains |
Mordant |
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When dying a capsule, what is being stained |
The cell and the background |
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Define features a prokaryotic cells |
No nucleus 1–10 microbe size No organelles |
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Define features a prokaryotic cells |
No nucleus 1–10 microbe size No organelles |
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Define features of eukaryotic cells |
True nucleus Paired chromosomes in a nuclear membrane |
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Define features a prokaryotic cells |
No nucleus 1–10 microbe size No organelles |
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Define features of eukaryotic cells |
True nucleus Paired chromosomes in a nuclear membrane |
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Common features to all cells |
Plasma membrane, ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasm |
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Define features a prokaryotic cells |
No nucleus 1–10 microbe size No organelles |
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Define features of eukaryotic cells |
True nucleus Paired chromosomes in a nuclear membrane |
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Common features to all cells |
Plasma membrane, ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasm |
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Basic shapes of bacteria |
Bacillus Coccus Spiirillum |
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Define features a prokaryotic cells |
No nucleus 1–10 microbe size No organelles |
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Define features of eukaryotic cells |
True nucleus Paired chromosomes in a nuclear membrane |
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Common features to all cells |
Plasma membrane, ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasm |
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Basic shapes of bacteria |
Bacillus Coccus Spiirillum |
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What do you call a rod shaped bacteria |
Bacillus |
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Define features a prokaryotic cells |
No nucleus 1–10 microbe size No organelles |
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Define features of eukaryotic cells |
True nucleus Paired chromosomes in a nuclear membrane |
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Common features to all cells |
Plasma membrane, ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasm |
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Basic shapes of bacteria |
Bacillus Coccus Spiirillum |
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What do you call a rod shaped bacteria |
Bacillus |
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What do you call a spear bowl shaped bacteria |
Coccus |
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Define features a prokaryotic cells |
No nucleus 1–10 microbe size No organelles |
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Define features of eukaryotic cells |
True nucleus Paired chromosomes in a nuclear membrane |
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Common features to all cells |
Plasma membrane, ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasm |
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Basic shapes of bacteria |
Bacillus Coccus Spiirillum |
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What do you call a rod shaped bacteria |
Bacillus |
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What do you call a spherical shaped bacteria |
Coccus |
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What do you call a 'comma shaped' bacteria? |
Vibrio |
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Define features a prokaryotic cells |
No nucleus 1–10 microbe size No organelles |
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Define features of eukaryotic cells |
True nucleus Paired chromosomes in a nuclear membrane |
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Common features to all cells |
Plasma membrane, ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasm |
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Basic shapes of bacteria |
Bacillus Coccus Spiirillum |
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What do you call a rod shaped bacteria |
Bacillus |
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What do you call a spear bowl shaped bacteria |
Coccus |
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What do you call a 'comma shaped' bacteria? |
Vibrio |
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Define Monomorphic |
Existing in only one form. Most bacteria is monoMorphic |
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Define pleomorohic |
Many different shapes |
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Glycocalyx means |
Outside cell wall, usually sticky |
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Glycocalyx means |
Outside cell wall, usually sticky |
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Pili is_______ |
Shorter than flagella, use to transfer DNA from one cell to another |
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Fimbriae is __________ |
Series of threads are other projections resembling a fringe to allow attachments |
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Fimbriae is __________ |
Series of threads are other projections resembling a fringe to allow attachments |
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Peptidoglycan is ___________ |
Only found in bacteria |
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Fimbriae is __________ |
Series of threads are other projections resembling a fringe to allow attachments |
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Peptidoglycan is ___________ |
Only found in bacteria |
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Gram-positive or gram-negative. Which has thick peptidoglycan layer? |
Gram positive |
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Fimbriae is __________ |
Series of threads are other projections resembling a fringe to allow attachments |
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Peptidoglycan is ___________ |
Only found in bacteria |
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Gram-positive or gram-negative. Which has thick peptidoglycan layer? |
Gram positive |
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Gram-positive or gram-negative. Which has a thin peptidoglycan layer? |
Gram negative |
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Arrangements of bacteria in pairs are called what |
Diplococci |
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Arrangements of bacteria in pairs are called what |
Diplococci |
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Bacteria arrange in clusters are called what |
Staphylococci |
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Arrangements of bacteria in pairs are called what |
Diplococci |
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Bacteria arrange in clusters are called what |
Staphylococci |
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Bacteria arrangements in chains are called what |
Streptococci OR Streptobacilli |
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Arrangements of bacteria in pairs are called what |
Diplococci |
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Bacteria arrange in clusters are called what |
Staphylococci |
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Bacteria arrangements in chains are called what |
Streptococci OR Streptobacilli |
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Atypical cell wall: -----> mycoplasma |
No cell wall |
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Arrangements of bacteria in pairs are called what |
Diplococci |
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Bacteria arrange in clusters are called what |
Staphylococci |
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Bacteria arrangements in chains are called what |
Streptococci OR Streptobacilli |
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Atypical cell wall: -----> mycoplasma |
No cell wall |
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Atypical cell wall: -------> archaea |
Pseudomurien |
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Arrangements of bacteria in pairs are called what |
Diplococci |
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Bacteria arrange in clusters are called what |
Staphylococci |
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Bacteria arrangements in chains are called what |
Streptococci OR Streptobacilli |
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Atypical cell wall: -----> mycoplasma |
No cell wall |
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Atypical cell wall: -------> archaea |
Pseudomurien |
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Atypical cell wall: --------> mycobacterium |
Acid-fast |
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Lysis means _________ |
Burst |
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Lysis means _________ |
Burst |
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Hypotonic |
Swells... Bursts |
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Lysis means _________ |
Burst |
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Hypotonic |
Swells... Bursts |
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Hypertinic |
Shrinks..... Crenation |
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Lysis means _________ |
Burst |
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Hypotonic |
Swells... Bursts |
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Hypertinic |
Shrinks..... Crenation |
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Isotonic |
Equal |
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Lysis means _________ |
Burst |
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Hypotonic |
Swells... Bursts |
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Hypertinic |
Shrinks..... Crenation |
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Isotonic |
Equal |
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Osmosis includes 3 types..... |
Hypotonic Hypertonic Isotonic |
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Lysis means _________ |
Burst |
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Hypotonic |
Swells... Bursts |
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Hypertinic |
Shrinks..... Crenation |
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Isotonic |
Equal |
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Osmosis includes 3 types..... |
Hypotonic Hypertonic Isotonic |
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Define osmosis |
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane due to unequal solute concentration |
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Lysis means _________ |
Burst |
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Hypotonic |
Swells... Bursts |
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Hypertinic |
Shrinks..... Crenation |
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Isotonic |
Equal |
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Osmosis includes 3 types..... |
Hypotonic Hypertonic Isotonic |
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Define isnosis |
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane due to unequal solute concentration |
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Facilitative diffusion |
Solute combines with a transporter protein in membrane |
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Lysis means _________ |
Burst |
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Hypotonic |
Swells... Bursts |
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Hypertinic |
Shrinks..... Crenation |
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Isotonic |
Equal |
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Osmosis includes 3 types..... |
Hypotonic Hypertonic Isotonic |
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Define osmosis |
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane due to unequal solute concentration |
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Facilitative diffusion |
Solute combines with a transporter protein in membrane |
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Chromatophore means.... |
Cell or plastid that contains pigment |
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Facilitated means.... |
Form of passive transport, movement down gradient, no energy required |
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Facilitated means.... |
Form of passive transport, movement down gradient, no energy required |
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Active transport... |
Requires a transporter protein and ATP for energy |
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Hydrophillic |
Water loving |
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Hydrophillic |
Water loving |
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Hydrophobic |
Water hating |
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Aquaporins... |
Some cells facilitate water passage using this |
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Plasmid |
Circular, supercoiled DNA Usually smaller |
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Plasmid |
Circular, supercoiled DNA Usually smaller |
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Ribosomes |
Protein synthesis |
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Define Endospores |
Resting cells Resistant to heat and chemicals |
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Phagocytosis |
Engulfs particles... "Eats" |
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Phagocytosis |
Engulfs particles... "Eats" |
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Organelles contain: |
Membrane, lysosome, mitochondria, nucleus, ER, Golgi apparatus, vacuum, chloroplast, peroxisomes |
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What does the ER do? |
Network transporter |
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Lysosomes are |
Digestive enzymes |
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What does chloroplast do? |
Photosynthesis |
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What does chloroplast do? |
Photosynthesis |
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What does an organelles' vacuole do? |
Brings food into cells and provides support |
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What does chloroplast do? |
Photosynthesis |
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What does an organelles' vacuole do? |
Brings food into cells and provides support |
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Two most common shapes of bacteria? |
Bracillus Coccus |
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Why would aquatic microbes the maximal surface area |
To increase their drag in the water, this reduces the rate of sink and allows them to remain near the surface with less energy |
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Which part of the phospholipid by layer is hydrophobic? |
Nonpolar tails |
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What is the function of endospore |
To ensure the survival of the bacterium |
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Which microscope is most likely to be used in a typical microbiology laboratory? |
Bright- field |
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Which microscope is most likely to be used in a typical microbiology laboratory? |
Bright- field |
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When a medical technologist wants to terminate the clinical specimen contains a mycobacterium species, what should he use? |
Acid-fast stain |
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Endotoxin is associated with ___________ |
Gram-negative bacteria |
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Endotoxin is associated with ___________ |
Gram-negative bacteria |
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Eliminating what structure is always deadly to cells |
Cytoplasmic membrane |
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Endotoxin is associated with ___________ |
Gram-negative bacteria |
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Eliminating what structure is always deadly to cells |
Cytoplasmic membrane |
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What does a bacterial cell use for attachment? |
Capsule and Pilus |
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Endotoxin is associated with ___________ |
Gram-negative bacteria |
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Eliminating what structure is always deadly to cells |
Cytoplasmic membrane |
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What does a bacterial cell use for attachment? |
Capsule and Pilus |
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Endocytosis is associated with ___________ |
Eukaryotic cells |
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Endotoxin is associated with ___________ |
Gram-negative bacteria |
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Eliminating what structure is always deadly to cells |
Cytoplasmic membrane |
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What does a bacterial cell use for attachment? |
Capsule and Pilus |
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Endocytosis is associated with ___________ |
Eukaryotic cells |
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Protein synthesis is associated with
(2) things |
Rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes |
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Endotoxin is associated with ___________ |
Gram-negative bacteria |
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Eliminating what structure is always deadly to cells |
Cytoplasmic membrane |
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What does a bacterial cell use for attachment? |
Capsule and Pilus |
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Endocytosis is associated with ___________ |
Eukaryotic cells |
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Protein synthesis is associated with
(2) things |
Rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes |
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If a eukaryotic cell were treated with a chemical that destroys tubulin, all of the following would be directly affected except |
Actin |
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Endotoxin is associated with ___________ |
Gram-negative bacteria |
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Eliminating what structure is always deadly to cells |
Cytoplasmic membrane |
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What does a bacterial cell use for attachment? |
Capsule and Pilus |
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Endocytosis is associated with ___________ |
Eukaryotic cells |
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Protein synthesis is associated with
(2) things |
Rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes |
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If a eukaryotic cell were treated with a chemical that destroys tubulin, all of the following would be directly affected except |
Actin |
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Why are Basic dyes used more frequently then acidic dyes when staining |
Basic dyes are positive charged and stain the negative charge components of the cell |
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Which does not describe a fungus?
A) contains a nucleus B) has 80s ribosomes C) useful in decomposition D) is photosynthetic |
D)
Fungus is NOT photosynthetic |
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How do humans use microorganisms |
Biotechnology Genetic technology Bioremediation |
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When naming, which is capitalized and lowercase? |
Genus- capital Species- lowercase |
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What domains are prokaryotes? |
Bacteria and archaea |
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What domains are prokaryotes? |
Bacteria and archaea |
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What domain is eukaryotes? |
Eukarya |
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What domains are prokaryotes? |
Bacteria and archaea |
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What domain is eukaryotes? |
Eukarya |
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What are the kingdom names for the eucarya? |
Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista |
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What is a plasmid |
Self replicating segment of double stranded DNA |
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What is a plasmid |
Self replicating segment of double stranded DNA |
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Bacteria that move toward chemical attractants and away from repellents are called |
Chemotaxis |
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Some bacteria are considered pleomorohic, this means... |
They do not have just one shape |
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Gas vesicles in bacteria... |
Help move cells to optimal nutrient levels |
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Gram positive cells.. |
Have multiple layers of peptidoglycan that can help retain the crystal violet stain. |
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A bacillus bacterium with a single flagellum at each end is described as... |
Amphitrichous |
