Ch. Six And Seven

Front 1

George III

Back 1

Issued the Proclamation of 1763 to avoid getting into trouble with the Indians because the colonists were moving into American Indian land.

Front 2

George Grenville

Back 2

Prime Minister who had asked Parliament to tax the colonists (due to heavy debts Britain has for going into war with France) and ended up with the Sugar Act and soon proposed the Stamp Act

Front 3

James Otis

Back 3

A lawyer from Boston that was the first to protest against the taxation by Parliament. Thought the tax was unfair and violated colonists’ rights and helped spread the slogan “No Taxation without Representation”

Front 4

Samuel Adams

Back 4

Agreed with James Otis and helped spread the slogan “No Taxation Without Representation” and helped find the Commitees of Correspondence and helped organize the Sons of Liberty

Front 5

Sugar Act

Back 5

Set duties/taxes on molasses and sugar imported by the colonists in 1764

Front 6

Stamp Act

Back 6

Proposed by Grenville, this was passed in March 1765 and required the colonists to pay for an official stamp/seal whenever they bought paper items. Had to be paid on legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and even playing cards

Front 7

Committees of Correspondence

Back 7

Helped founded by Samuel Adams; are groups that contacted other towns and colonies that shared ideas and info about the new British laws and ways to challenge them.

Front 8

Sons of Liberty

Back 8

Helped founded by Samuel Adams; Secret societies that was formed to challenge and rise up against the British and defy some of the rules the Parliament had created for them

Front 9

Writs of Assistance

Back 9

special search warrents that allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled goods

Front 10

Boston Massacre

Back 10

Started on March 5, 1770 when a British soldier got into a fight with a colonist. A crowd had gathered around the soldier shouting insults and throwing snowballs. Soon, a small group of tropps came and suddenly they fired killing several colonists

Front 11

Boston Tea Party

Back 11

When the Tea Act was passed in 1773, the colonists united against the Tea Act and decided to do something about it. So on November 1773, a ship carrying British tea arrived in the Boston harbor and the Sons of Liberty demanded that the ship and the two others that had arrived along with it leave. However, the ships refused to leave without getting paid. On December 16, colonists disguised themselves as American Indians and snuck onto the three tea filled ships. They dumped 342 tea chests into the Boston Harbor. As a result, the Parliament decided to punish Massachusetts and passed the Coercive Acts (a.k.a. Intolerable Acts)

Front 12

Intolerable Acts

Back 12

Happened as a result of the Boston Tea Part, the Parliament decided to punish Massachusetts (under the command of Lord North, the British prime minister) in the spring of 1774.
This act had several effects:
• Boston Harbor was closed until all the tea is paid for
• The charter was cancel; the governor would decide if and when the legislature could meet
• Royal officials accused of crimes were sent to Britain for trial
• Quartering Act forced colonists to house and supply British soldiers
• General Thomas Gage became the new governor of Massachusetts

Front 13

Thomas Gage

Back 13

A British general who decided to take away the minutemen’s weapons and ammunition in April 1775

Front 14

Paul Revere

Back 14

Heard about Thomas Gage trying to take away the weapons through the Sons of Liberty and raced on their horses through the countryside warning the minutemen that the British were coming

Front 15

William Dawes

Back 15

Heard about Thomas Gage trying to take away the weapons through the Sons of Liberty and raced on their horses through the countryside warning the minutemen that the British were coming.

Front 16

Olive Branch Petition

Back 16

A last attempt to keep the peace between the colonists and Great Britain. The delegates signed this on July 5 and named after an olive branch because it was a symbol of peace. However, in November, King George ||| rejected this peace offer

Front 17

Battle of Bunker Hill

Back 17

Once the colonists hear that the British wanted to take over Charleston, the colonists quickly rushed to build defenses near Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hill. Were very well protected, but low on gun powder. Most took place in Breed’s Hill and the British suffered more than 1000 casualties compared to the 400 casualties the colonists suffered. Proved that the colonists could hold their own against the British

Front 18

Thomas Paine

Back 18

Wrote “Common Sense” and “The Crisis” about the situation with British and the colonies. In “Common Sense” Paine argued for breaking away from Great Britian and was extremely popular due to the fact that Paine wrote it as a common person speaking to common people which allowed to him reach more people. In “The Crisis” Paine wrote about the morals of the colonists and wrote about the difficult times and boosted the colonists’ spirits immensely.

Front 19

Thomas Jefferson

Back 19

Part of the Second Continental Congress and wrote most of the Declaration of Independence and argued that all men possesses unalienable rights (life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness)

Front 20

Declaration of Independence

Back 20

Written (mostly by Thomas Jefferson), Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Robert R. Livingston, and Roger Sherman, this expressed three main ideas. The first one is that all men possessed unalienable rights (Inspired by John Locke). Second point talked about how King Geore ||| had violated the colonist’s rights and how he charged the king with passing unfair laws, unfair taxing, and interfering with colonial self-government. Third, the colonies had a right to break away from Great Britain because the Enlightenment idea of the social contract states that the rulers should protect the rights of their citizens however, King Geore ||| broke the social contract therefore the colonists do not have to obey him. Approved on July 4, 1776. The United States of America had been born

Front 21

Patriot

Back 21

A person who supposed and chose to fight for independence

Front 22

Loyalist

Back 22

A person who remained loyal to Great Britain (a.k.a. Tories)

Front 23

Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation

Back 23

Issued by Virginia’s governor Lord Dunmore which promised freedom to any slave that fights on the British side; issued on November 7, 1775

Front 24

William Howe

Back 24

British general who believed that the British would win the war quickly. Drove the Continental Arm off of Long Island in early July 1776 and forced the Continental Army to keep retreating

Front 25

Battle of Trenton

Back 25

On December 25, Washington decided to attack the Hessians at Trenton, New Jersey while they were celebrating the holiday and crossed the icy Delaware River. Many soldiers had no shoes and had no supplies but were still ready to fight. On December 26, Patriots marched up to Trenton and lasted for less than an hour. More than 900 Hessians were hurt/killed and only five for the American. Boosted the Patriot’s spirits

Front 26

John Burgoyne

Back 26

British general who was chosen to take back Fort Ticonderoga and did by early July. As he neared Albany, he was badly outnumbered by the Patriot troops and suffered a major defeat at the Battle of Saratoga

Front 27

Battle of Brandywine Creek

Back 27

Howe decides to attack Philadelphia and Washington rushes to stop him however on September 11, 1977 Howe’s forces won and the Patriots suffered almost twice as many casualties as the British

Front 28

Marquis de Lafayette

Back 28

A wealthy young man who arrived in America from France in the summer of 1777 and spoke little English and lacked combat experience. However, he believed in the Patriots to which it even impressed Washington.

Front 29

John Paul Jones

Back 29

Original name is John Paul but changed it to John Paul Jones once he left Scotland and arrived in America because he had accidentally killed someone. Successful captain that joined the navy and captured many British ships. One of his major victories come from the one against Serapis on September 23, 1779. Earlier in the battle, the British capton called out to Jones, “Has your ship surrendered?” and Jones bravely replied, “I have not yet begun to fight!” And two hours later, Jones had won.

Front 30

Charles of Townshend

Back 30

Chancellor of the Exchequer and writes checks for the government. Passed serious of taxes on several items. The money went to a military cause and to pay for the colonial government.

Front 31

Quartering Acts

Back 31

Forced the colonists to quarter, house and supply, British soldiers if needed

Front 32

Samuel Prescott

Back 32

Went with Dawes and Revere to warn the minutemen of the British’s plans to take their weapons away from them in Lexington. However, they were stopped by British soldiers. Managed to get away and was the actual person who made it Lexington (somehow Revere got all the credit)

Front 33

George Washington

Back 33

A Virginian that the Second Continental Meeting chose to lead the Continental Army to victory against the British. Had experience from the French and Indian War and was pretty rich.

Front 34

Benedict Arnold

Back 34

Was a great leader and helped the Patriots in many ways (and took Fort Ticonderoga). However, he became a traitor and sided with the British in the end because he felt as if he didn’t get enough credit and that he would be treated better if he was with the British.

Front 35

Battle of Saratoga

Back 35

Burgoyne had plans to meet up with Howe near Albany to team up against the Patriots, but Howe was delayed and never showed up leaving Burgoyne outnumbered by the Patriots led by General Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold and suffered a major defeat. Was also the battle that convinced the French and the Spanish to join the war on the colonists’ side

Front 36

Battle of Yorktown

Back 36

A plan Washington and Comte de Rochambeau came up with. Washington and Rochambeau would move their troops south and surround Cornwallis with a Patriot army with 16,000 soldiers (more than twice). Held Yorktown under a siege and steadily wore the British defenses down. British navy tried to save them, but the French fleet drove them away. This was the last battle and this finally convinced the British to end the war and let the colonists win.

Front 37

Battle of Lexington/Concord

Back 37

First battle of the American Revolution War. Happened on the morning of April 19 and was helped by Prescott who had warned them. “Don’t fire unless fired upon!” Then someone shot and no one knows who fired this “shot heard round the war” but the fight began and ended in minutes.