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55 Cards in this Set
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What does the health of children depend in many ways on? |
The health of their mothers |
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How does women's health relate to Goal 1 of the MDGs? (Eradicate Poverty and Hunger) |
Poor health and nutritional status of women is both a cause and effect of poverty. Enhancing the nutritional status of women will improve their health and the health of their babies, with many associated beneficial consequences for both. |
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How does women's health relate to Goal 2 of the MDGs? (Achieve Universal Primary Education) |
Improving the health of females will enhance their enrollment in, attendance at, and performance in schools. Improving the educational attainments of females will lead to improvements in their health and the health of their children. |
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How does women's health relate to Goal 3 of the MDGs? (Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women) |
Improvements in equality and empowerment will lead to better education for females, more income-earning opportunities for them, and less violence against them, all of which will improve their health status. |
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How does women's health relate to Goal 4 of the MDGs? (Reduce Child Mortality) |
An important share of child mortality is linked with poor health and nutritional status of the mother. Improving the health and nutritional status of the mother is the starting point for reducing the share of children born with low birthweight, a major contributor to child morbidity and mortality. |
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How does women's health relate to goal 5 of the MDGs? (Improve Maternal Health) |
This is directly connected to the health of women. |
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How does women's health relate to Goal 5 of the MDGs? (Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Other Diseases) |
Women are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS, which is a major cause of illness, disability, and death for women. Combating HIV/AIDS would have a major impact on the health of females and on their families as well. |
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Abortion |
The premature expulsion or loss of embryo, which may be induced or spontaneous |
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Caesarean delivery (C-Section) |
the surgical delivery of a fetus through abdominal incision |
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Eclampsia |
a serious, life-threatening condition in late pregnancy in which very high blood pressure can cause a women to have seizures |
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Family Planning |
the conscious effort of couples to regulate the number and spacing of births through artificial and natural methods of contraception |
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Female Genital Mutilation |
traditional practices that are all related to the cutting of the female genital organs |
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Gestational Diabetes |
Diabetes that develops during pregnancy because of improper regulation of blood sugar |
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Hemorrhage |
Significant and uncontrolled loss of blood, either internally or externally from the body. |
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Antepartum (prenatal) Hemorrhage |
Hemorrhage occurring after the 20th week of gestation but before delivery of the baby. |
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Postpartum Hemorrhage |
Within the first 24 hours after delivery, the loss of 500 mL or more of blood from the genital tract. |
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Maternal Death |
The death of a woman:
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What is an Obstetric Fistula? What is a risk factor? |
An injury in the birth canal that allows leakage from the bladder or rectum into the vagina, leaving a woman permanently incontinent. Risk factor associated with an obstructed delivery. |
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Preclampsia (previously called toxemia) |
A conditional characterized by pregnancy-induced high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and swelling (edema) due to fluid retention |
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Sepsis |
A serious medical condition caused by a severe infection, leading to a systemic inflammatory response |
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Sex-selective Abortion |
the practice of aborting a fetus after a determination that the fetus is an undesired sex, typically female |
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What are the biological determinants of women's health? |
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What are the social determinants of women's health? |
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Top 3 Global Leading Causes of Death Females 15-49 Years of Age |
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Top 3 Global Leading Causes of DALYs Females 15-49 Years of Age |
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Top 3 Global Leading Attributable Risk Factors for Deaths in Females 15-49 Years of Age |
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Top 3 Global Leading Attributable Risk Factors for DALYs in Females 15-49 Years of Age |
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What has sex-selective abortion led to? How has rising incomes and levels of education affected this? |
Skewed ratios of males to females More sex-selective abortion |
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What are two examples of countries with skewed gender ratios? What are they? |
India 112 males per 100 females China 111 males per 100 females |
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How many women are estimated to have had some form of genital cutting worldwide? |
125,000,000 |
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What are problems, short and long-term, related to FGM? |
Short-term: Shock, infection, hemorrhaging Long-term: Retention of urine, infertility, obstructed labor |
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Why are women biologically more susceptible to STIs? |
More exposed areas of mucous memberane during intercourse |
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What are some risk factors for STIs? |
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How many cases of HPV are there a year? What about cervical cancer? |
HPV - 350,000 Cervical cancer (deaths) - 275,000 |
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What percentage of women does the UNAIDS estimate have been physically abused by a partner? |
10-50% |
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What can violence and sexual abuse against women lead to? |
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What are risk factors for violence and sexual abuse against women? |
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How many maternal deaths were there in 2013? Where did most of these (60%) occur? |
289,000 India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Indonesia, Tanzania Kenya, China, Uganda, Ethiopia The Democratic Republic of the Congo |
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When is the time of greatest risk for mother and baby? |
Birth |
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What percent of maternal deaths are from obstructed labor and indirect causes? Direct causes? |
20% 80% |
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What are the odds of a woman in a high-income country dying a maternal death? What about the lowest-income? (Sub-Saharan Africa) |
1:3,700 1:38 |
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What 3 Regions have the Highest Maternal Mortality Ratio? The Highest Lifetime Risk of a Maternal Death? |
Maternal Mortality Ratio Lifetime Risk of Dying a Maternal Death Sub-Saharan Africa - 510 Sub-Saharan Africa - 1 in 38 South Asia - 190 South Asia - 1 in 190 Latin America & the Caribbean - 87 Middle East & N Africa - 1 in 430 |
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What are the top 3 causes of Maternal Deaths for Low- and Middle-Income Countries |
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Safe abortions are.... |
... performed by trained healthcare providers, with proper equipment, technique, and sanitary standars |
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About what percentage of abortions are safe? |
60% |
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What percent of maternal deaths are unsafe abortions responsible for? |
13% |
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What 3 regions have the highest number of unsafe abortions, per 1,000 women ages 15-44 years? |
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About how many women will suffer a fistula each year? What often happens to them? |
50,000 to 100,000 Stigmatized or Abandoned |
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About how many conditions affect women disproportionately? Why? |
19
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What are the overall costs and consequences of women's health problems? |
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What some ways to address the challenge of female genital mutilation? |
Make efforts to promote change tailored to local practices and believes Promote female empowerment, education, and control over economic resources |
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What are some ways to address the challenge of violence against women? |
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What are some selected measures to reduce intimate partner violence? |
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What are some ways to address the challenge of Sexually Transmitted Infections? (STIs) |
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What are some ways to address the challenge of maternal mortality? |
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