Ch. 9 Urinary System

Front 1

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Back 1

Aka benign prostatic hypertrophy or enlarged prostate. Is an enlargement of the prostate gland that most often occurs in men older than 50. This condition can make urination difficult and causes urinary tract problems for men.

Front 2

End stage renal disease

Back 2

Is the final stage of chronic kidney disease and this condition is fatal unless the functions of the failed kidneys are successfully kidney transplant.

Front 3

Glomerulonephritis

Back 3

Is a type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine. Glomerul/o means glomerul, and nephr means kidney and -itis means inflammation.

Front 4

Hemodialysis

Back 4

Is the process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patients blood. Hemo means blood, dia means complete or through and -lysis means separation. Treatment is performed on a external hemodialysis unit commonly refers to as an artificial kidney. This is the most common type of dialysis.

Front 5

Hypospadias

Back 5

Is a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening. In the male with hypospadias, the urethral opening is on the ventral surface (underside) of the penis and in the female with hypospadias the urethra opens into the vagina.

Front 6

Incontinence

Back 6

Is the inability to control the excretion of urine, feces or both.

Front 7

Intravenous pyelogram

Back 7

Aka excretory urography, is a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters (Pyle/o means renal pelvis, and -gram means a picture or record.) a contrast medium is administered intravenously to clearly define these structures in the resulting image. This examination is used to diagnose changes in the urinary tract resulting from nephroliths, infections, enlarged prostate, tumors, and internal injuries after abdominal trauma.

Front 8

Interstitial cystitis

Back 8

Is a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder. The symptoms of this condition are similar to those of cystitis;however, they do not respond to traditional treatment. Interstitial means relating to spaces within a tissue or organ.

Front 9

Nephrolithiasis

Back 9

Describes the presence of stones in the kidneys (nephr/o means kidney, and -lithiasis means the presence of stones) as these stones travel With the flow of urine, they are named for the location where they become lodged.

Front 10

Nephropathy

Back 10

Means any disease of the kidney (nephr/o means kidney, -pathy means disease). This definition includes both degenerative and inflammatory diseases.

Front 11

Nocturnal enuresis

Back 11

Is urinary incontinence during sleep. It is also known as bed-wetting., nocturnal means pertaining to night.

Front 12

Oliguria

Back 12

Means scanty urination (olig means scanty and -uria means urination.) this can be caused by dehydration, renal failure, or a urinary tract obstruction. Oliguria is the opposite of polyuria.

Front 13

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Back 13

Is the surgical removal of a nephrolith through a small incision in the back (nephr/o means kidney and lith means stone and -otomy ,means surgical incision). A small tube is temporally inverted through the incision into the kidney. First urine is removed; then the stone is cursed amd the pieces removed. This procedure is used if ESWL has not been successful, if an I fraction is present, or the stone is particularly large. Percutaneous means performed through the skin.

Front 14

Prostatism

Back 14

Is a disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (prostat means prostate gland, and -ism means condition of). This condition can produce difficulties with urination and urinary retention.

Front 15

Uremia

Back 15

Aka uremic poisoning, is a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compressed and urea and other waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood. Ur means urine and -emia means blood condition.

Front 16

Urethritis

Back 16

Is an inflammation of the urethra. Urethr means urethra and -itis means inflammation.

Front 17

Ureterolith

Back 17

Is a stone located anywhere along the ureter. Ureter/o means ureter and -lith means stone.

Front 18

Urethrostenosis

Back 18

Or urethral stricture, is narrowing of the urethra (urethr/o means urethra, and stenosis means tightening or narrowing.) this condition occurs when almost exclusively in men and is caused by scarring from infection or injury.

Front 19

Urethrotomy

Back 19

Is a surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture. Urethr means urethra and -otomy means surgical insision

Front 20

Urinary catheterization

Back 20

Is the insertion of a tube into the bladder to procure a sterile specimen for diagnostic purposes. It so also used to drain urine from the bladder when the patient is unable to urinate for other reasons. Another use is to place medications into the bladder.