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38 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
Progressive movement
aimed to return control of the government to the people, restore, economic opportunities, and correct injustices in American life.
-The movement attracted middle-class city dwellers. Progressives sought to cure the many social problems caused by industrialization.
-protecting social welfare
-promoting moral improvement
-creating economic reform
-fostering efficiency
Four Goals of Progressivism
Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA)
opened libraries, sponsored classes to protect social welfare.
Salvation Army
fed poor people in soup kitchens, cared for children in nurseries, sent “slum brigades” to convert poor immigrants to the middle class values of hard work and temperance.
Florence Kelley
a newly divorced mother of 3 young children, moved into Jane Addams’s Hull House in Chicago. There, she became an advocate for improving the lives of women and children. She helped to win passage of the Illinois Factory Act in 1893.
Illinois Factory Act of 1893
prohibited child labor and limited women’s working hours, soon became a model for other states.
Prohibition
the banning of alcoholic beverages
Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
founded in Chicago in 1873, promoted the goal of prohibition. Members entered saloons, sang, prayed, and urged saloon-keepers to stop selling alcohol.
The _____ provided women with expanded public roles, which they used to justify giving women voting rights.
Frances Willard
In 1879, he was the president of Evanston (Illinois) College for Ladies, transformed the WCTU from a small Midwestern religious group into a powerful national organization. WCTU became the largest women’s group in the nation’s history. ______ was a skillful organizer with a talent for political slogans.
The Anti-Saloon League
founded in 1895, angered many immigrants when its members attacked saloons, which filled several roles in many immigrant communities. Prohibitionist groups feared that alcohol was undermining American culture and democracy. The league became a model for other single-issue interest groups that set out to reform American culture and government.
Henry George and Edward Bellamy
writers who criticized the laissez-faire theory
Laissez-Faire Theory
the belief that government should leave the economy alone.
Eugene V. Debs
helped organize the American Socialist Party in 1900. He commented on the uneven balance among big business, gvnment, and ordinary ppl under the free-market system of capitalism.
-Progressives distance themselves from socialism, but they saw truth of many of ____'s criticism.
Muckrakers
journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulation magazines during the early 20th century. The term refers to John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, in which a character is so busy using a rake to clean up the muck of this world that he does not raise his eyes to heaven.
Frederick Winslow Taylor and scientific management
popularized the concept of _______, the effort to improve effort to improve efficiency in the workplace by applying scientific principles to make tasks simpler and easier. -->Workers became more productive and the amount of goods and services available to the people increased.
Lawrence mill owners
Bosses like _______ raised the speed of their machines and increased laborers’ workloads to match
Ford Motor Company
tried introducing an assembly line in its Highland Park Michigan, plant in 1913. The assembly line moved the automobile parts at a steady speed to solve the problem (some people worked more quickly than others)
Henry Ford and "Five-Dollar Day"
reduced the workday to 8 hours and paid workers $5 a day to keep his workers happy and to prevent strikes
--> “_________” attracted many job seekers.
Galveston, Texas
In 1900, a hurricane and tidal wave swept out of the Gulf of Mexico and almost demolished ______. _____ legislature appointed a five-member commission of experts to take over. Each expert took charge of a different city department, and the commission soon rebuilt _______, prompting the city to adopt the commission idea as a form of government. By 1917, some 500 cities followed ________'s example.
council-manager form of government
A flood in Dayton, Ohio, in 1913, led to the widespread adoption of the ______ -->People elected a city council to make laws and the council in turn appointed a manager who had training and experience in public administration, to run the city’s departments.
Hazen Pingree and Tom Johnson
_____, mayor of Detroit, Michigan (1890-1897) and _____, mayor of Cleveland, Ohio (1901-1909), gained national reputations as progressive mayors. _____ concentrated on economic issues. He instituted a fairer tax structure, lowered fares for public transportation, and rooted out corruption. Detroit lowered gas rates and set up a system of work relief for unemployed people. ______, a socialist believed that citizens should play a more active role in city government. He appointed honest, competent people to city jobs and reassessed property values to achieve a fairer tax structure.
“gas and water socialism”
Progressive mayors practiced “_____”, focusing on dismissing corrupt and greedy private owners of utilities (gasworks, waterworks, and transit lines) and converting the utilities to publicly owned enterprises.
Robert M. La Follette
led Wisconsin’s way in regulating big business. He was known as the “Fighting Bob” because of his political views as a progressive wing of the Republican Party. He served 3 terms as governor. He taxed the railroad property at the same rate as other business property, set up a commission to regulate rates, and forbade railroads to issue free passes to state officials.
underweight, stunted growth, curvature of the spine, respiratory diseases (coal dust) like bronchitis & tuberculosis. Bad habits: smoking, drinking, cursing.
child labor - children health problems
National Child Labor Committee
in 1904, a group of progressives reformers organized the _____ to end child labor. Investigators gathered evidence of children working in harsh conditions and organized statistics and photographs to dramatize the hardships of the children.
Labor union workers
joined the NCLC b/c they believed that child labor lowered wages for all workers.
Keating-Owen Act in 1916
prohibited the transportation of goods produced with child labor across state lines. 3 years later, however, the Supreme Court declared the act unconstitutional b/c it interfered with interstate commerce.
-Although they lost at the national level, reformers succeeded in forcing legislation banning child labor and setting max. hours in nearly every state.
Muller v. Oregon
a state could legally limit the working hours of women.
Louis D. Brandeis
Lawyer, _____, persuasively argued that poor working women were much more economically insecure than large corporations. Asserting that women required the state’s protection against powerful employers, He convinced the Court to uphold an Oregon law limiting women to a 10hour workday.
Bunting v. Oregon
persuaded the Court to uphold a 10hour workday for men.
Maryland
Beginning with ______ in 1902, one state after another passed legislation requiring employers in dangerous occupations to pay benefit to injured employees.
William S. U’Ren
prompted his state to adopt the secret ballot (Australian ballot), the initiative, the referendum, and the recall.
Initiative
a bill originated by the ppl rather than lawmakers. Citizens could petition to place an _____ on the ballot.
referendum
Voters, instead of the legislature, accepted or rejected the initiative by ______, a vote on the initiative
recall
enabled voters to removed public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face another election before the end of their term if enough voters asked for it.
the direct primary
Wisconsin became the 1st state to adopt another democratic reform, ____, in 1903. A _____ meant that voters instead of political machines, would choose candidates for public office through a special popular election.
Australian ballot
a system in which voters mark secret ballots in walled or curtained booths.
Seventeenth Amendment
Voters could nominate senatorial candidates in direct primaries. Congress approved the amendment in 1912 and its ratification in 1913 made direct election of senators the law of the land.