Ch. 9 Nutrition

Front 1

maintaining body weight in a healthy range by preventing gradual weight gain over time and losing weight if overweight

Back 1

weight management

Front 2

the appearance of a disease or condition that attacks man people at the same time in the same region

Back 2

epidemic

Front 3

the point at which controls are set

Back 3

set point

Front 4

obesity due to an increase in the number of fat cells

Back 4

hyperplastic obesity

Front 5

obesity due to an increase in the size of fat cells

Back 5

hypertrophic obesity

Front 6

a protein produced by fat cells under direction of the ob gene that decreases appetite and increases energy expenditure

Back 6

leptin

Front 7

a protein produced by the stomach cells that enhances appetite and decreases energy expenditure

Back 7

ghrelin

Front 8

masses of specialized fat cells packed with pigmented mitochondria that produce heat instead of ATP

Back 8

brown adipose tissue

Front 9

all the genetic information of a population at a given time

Back 9

gene pool

Front 10

popular eating plans that promise quick weight loss

Back 10

fad diets

Front 11

a neutrotransmitter important in sleep regulation, appetite control, and sensory perception, among other roles

Back 11

serotonin

Front 12

synthesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan with the help of vitamin b6

Back 12

serotonin

Front 13

supposedly a lumpy form of fat

Back 13

cellulite

Front 14

fatty areas of the body may appear lumpy when the strands of connective tissue that attach the skin to underlying muscles pull tight where the fat is thick

Back 14

cellulite

Front 15

a BMI of 40 or grater or a BMI of 35 or grater with additional medical problems

Back 15

clinically severe obesity

Front 16

a drug used in the treatment of obesity that slows the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain, thus suppressing appetite and creating a feeling of fullness

Back 16

sibutramine

Front 17

a drug used in the treatment of obesity that inhibits the absorption of fat in the GI tract, thus limiting kcaloric intake

Back 17

orlistat

Front 18

the changing if behavior by the manipulation of antecedents, the behavior itself, and consequences

Back 18

behavior modificaiton

Front 19

achieving a weight loss of at least 10 percent of initial body weight and maintaining the loss for at least one year

Back 19

successful weight-loss maintenance

Front 20

when do fat cells number increase?

Back 20

in later childhood and growing puberty and in times of positive energy balance

Front 21

when do fat cells size increase?

Back 21

when energy intake exceeds expenditure.

Front 22

The adverse effects of fat in non-adipose tissue

Back 22

lipotoxicity

Front 23

what promotes fat storage?

Back 23

Lipoprotein lipase

Front 24

what is the leptin protein also called?

Back 24

the ob protein

Front 25

Protein that acts as a hormone to increase energy expenditure and decrease appetite

Back 25

leptin (ob) protein

Front 26

Produced by fat cells under the direction of the ob gene
May be deficient in obese individuals
More research is needed
what is this?

Back 26

leptin (ob) protein

Front 27

Protein that acts as a hormone to decrease energy expenditure and increase appetite

Back 27

Ghrelin

Front 28

Produced by stomach cells
Has an inverse relationship with PYY

Back 28

ghrelin

Front 29

stores fat to be used for energy.

Back 29

White adipose tissue

Front 30

stores fat to be used for heat.

Back 30

Brown adipose tissue

Front 31

Present and past eating influences current body weight.
Increased availability of convenient food, large portions, and energy-dense foods

Back 31

Overeating

Front 32

Modern technology replaces physical activities
important to allow people to eat enough food to get needed nutrients

Back 32

Physical Inactivity

Front 33

what are the factors of obesity?

Back 33

the extent of overweight, age, health status and genetic makeup.

Front 34

how are health risks evaluated?

Back 34

Health risks are evaluated using BMI, waist circumference and disease profiles

Front 35

what are the risk factors of obesity?

Back 35

Hypertension
Cigarette smoking
High LDL
Low HDL
Impaired glucose tolerance
Family history of heart disease
Men ≥ 45 years, women ≥ 55 years

Front 36

containing products inhibit serotonin and suppress the appetite

Back 36

Ephedrine

Front 37

suppresses the appetite and is most effective when used with a reduced kcalorie diet and increased physical activity. There are many side effects.

Back 37

Sibutramine

Front 38

blocks fat digestion and absorption. There are many side effects.

Back 38

Orlistat

Front 39

an option for those who have tried weight loss programs and failed, have a BMI ≥ 35, and are having health problems due to their weight.

Back 39

Surgery

Front 40

has short-term and long-term problems and requires compliance with dietary instructions.

Back 40

Gastric surgery

Front 41

a popular procedure that is primarily cosmetic but poses risk

Back 41

Liposuction

Front 42

what is best for permanent weight loss?

Back 42

A life-long eating plan for good health, which includes nutritionally adequate eating, reasonable expectations, regular physical activity, and permanent lifestyle changes

Front 43

how much weight should you lose for safe weight loss?

Back 43

1-2 pounds per week or 10% of body weight in a six month period

Front 44

what are the best foods to eat in a eating plan?

Back 44

lower energy density, that are high in fiber, high in water and low in fat

Front 45

why is water important?

Back 45

increase fullness and reduce hunger.

Front 46

why are complex carbohydrates important?

Back 46

offer abundant vitamins, minerals and fiber with little fat