Ch 9: Issues Of The Gilded Age

Front 1

Jim Crow laws

Back 1

segregation laws enacted in the South after Reconstruction

Front 2

poll tax

Back 2

tax which voters were required to pay to vote

Front 3

literacy test

Back 3

reading and writing test formerly used in some southern states to prevent African Americans from voting

Front 4

grandfather clause

Back 4

a law which allowed a person to vote only if his ancestors had voted prior to 1866, also used to disenfranchise African American citizens

Front 5

Booker T. Washington

Back 5

the most famous black leader during the late 19th century, he encouraged African Americans to build up their economic resources through hard work

Front 6

W.E.B. Du Bois

Back 6

a black leader in the late 19th century who disagreed with Washington and argued that blacks should demand full and immediate equality

Front 7

Ida B. Wells

Back 7

an African American teacher who bought a newspaper and embarked on a lifelong crusade against the practice of lynching

Front 8

Las Gorras Blancas

Back 8

a group of Mexican Americans who protested their loss of land in the Southwest by targeting the property of large ranch owners

Front 9

spoils system

Back 9

a system in which politicians awarded government jobs to loyal party workers with little regard for their qualifications

Front 10

civil service

Back 10

government departments and their nonelected employees

Front 11

Pendleton Civil Service Act

Back 11

law that created a civil service system for the federal government in an attempt to hire employees on a merit system rather than on a spoils system

Front 12

gold standard

Back 12

using gold as the basis of the nation’s currency

Front 13

Grange

Back 13

an organization of farmers who joined to learn about new farming techniques, to call for the regulation of railroad and grain elevator rates, and to prompt the establishment of the ICC

Front 14

Oliver H. Kelley

Back 14

a Minnesota farmer and businessman who organized the Grange

Front 15

Populist Party

Back 15

a political party formed in 1892 on a platform of silver coinage, government ownership of the railroads, and fighting the corrupt and unresponsive elite

Front 16

William Jennings Bryan

Back 16

the Democratic nominee for president in 1896, who supported many Populist principles including silver coinage, and who toured the country to speak directly to voters

Front 17

William McKinley

Back 17

the Republican candidate for president in 1896, who followed a traditional strategy of letting party workers campaign for him