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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Genetics

The science of heredity and of the mechanisms by which traits are passed from parent to offspring

Heredity

The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring

Self Pollination

The transfer of pollen grains from an anther to the stigma of the same flower or to the stigma of another flower on the same plant

Cross Pollination

A productive process in which pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant

Dominant

Describes the allele that is fully expressed when carried by only one of a pair homologous chromosomes


Capital Letters

Recesive

Describes a trait or an allele that is expressed only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited


Lowercase Letters

Law of Independent Assortment

The law that states that genes seperate independently of one in meiosis

Trait

A genetically determined variant of a characteristic

Allele

One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color


Represented with a letter

Genotype

The entire genetic makeup Of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits


Letter Combination

Phenotype

An organisms appearance or other detectable characteristics that result from the organisms genotype and the environment

Homozygous

Describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes


GG

Heterozygous

Describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait


Gg

Monohybrid Cross

A cross between individuals that involve one pair of contrasting traits

Punnett Square

A graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross

Test Cross

The crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype

Complete Dominance

A relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over another

Incomplete Dominance

A condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of the individuals two parents because the dominant allele is unable to express itself fully

Codominance

A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed

Dihybrid Cross

A cross in which two characteristics are tracked