Ch 9 Bio Vcab

Front 1

genetics

Back 1

the science of hereditary

Front 2

self fertilize

Back 2

sperm-carrying pollen grains released from stamens land on the egg containing carpel of the same flower

Front 3

cross fertilization

Back 3

fertilization of one plant by pollen from a different plant

Front 4

true breeding

Back 4

varieties for which self-fertilization produced offspring all identical to the parent

Front 5

hybrids

Back 5

offspring of 2 different varieties

Front 6

cross

Back 6

cross fertilization itself is reffered to as hybridization

Front 7

P generation

Back 7

true breeding parental plants

Front 8

F1 generation (f=fillial)

Back 8

offspring of the parent generation

Front 9

F2 generation

Back 9

offspring of the F1 generation

Front 10

monohybrid cross

Back 10

parent plants differ only in 1 characteristic

Front 11

alleles

Back 11

alternative version of a gene

Front 12

homozygous

Back 12

an organism that has 2 identical alleles for a gene

Front 13

heterozygous

Back 13

an organism that has 2 different alleles for a gene

Front 14

dominent allele

Back 14

allele that determines the organism's appearance

Front 15

recessive allele

Back 15

no noticable effect on the organism's appearance

Front 16

law of segregation

Back 16

a sperm or egg carries only one allele for each inherited trait because allele pairs separate from each other during the production of gametes.

Front 17

punnet square

Back 17

shows possible combinations of gametes

Front 18

phenotype

Back 18

genetics distinguish between an organism's physical traits

Front 19

genotype

Back 19

genetic makeup

Front 20

dihybrid cross

Back 20

mating parental varieties differing in 2 characteristics

Front 21

Mendel's law of independent assortment

Back 21

each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation

Front 22

pedigree

Back 22

family tree

Front 23

carriers

Back 23

people who have one copy of the allele for a recessive disorder but don't have symptoms

Front 24

cystic fibrosis

Back 24

common, thick mucus in lungs, pancreas and other organs.

Front 25

inbreeding

Back 25

mating of close relatives

Front 26

achondroplasia

Back 26

dominant allele, form of dwarfism

Front 27

amniocentesis

Back 27

genetic testing before birth requiring the collection of fetal cells

Front 28

chorionic villus sampling

Back 28

extracts som chorionic villus tissue from placenta

Front 29

ultrasound imaging

Back 29

uses soundwaves to make a picture of fetus

Front 30

complete dominance

Back 30

the dominant allele had the same phenotypic effect whether present in one or 2 copies, BB or Bb

Front 31

incomplete dominence

Back 31

the F1 hybrids have an appearance between the 2, white carnation + red carnation= 1 red, 2 pink, 1 white

Front 32

codominent

Back 32

seen in blood, A and B alleles expressed in heterozygous individuals who have AB

Front 33

pleiotropy

Back 33

most genes influence many characteristics

Front 34

polygenic inheritance

Back 34

additive effects of 2 or more genes on a single phenotypic characteristic like skin

Front 35

chromosome theory of inheritance

Back 35

genes occupy specific loci on chromosomes undergo segregation and independent assortmednt during meisosis

Front 36

linked genes

Back 36

genes located close together on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together

Front 37

recombination frequency

Back 37

percentage of recombinants

Front 38

sex chromosomes

Back 38

designated X and Y determine a person's sex

Front 39

sex linked gene

Back 39

gene located on either sex chromosome, for males they only need the gene on one chromosome for it to show up however women need the gene on both chromosomes for it to show up.

Front 40

red-green color blindness

Back 40

common sex linked disorder characterized by a malfunction of light sensitive cells in eyes

Front 41

hemophilia

Back 41

sex linked recessive trait... bleed excessively when injured because their blood doesn't clot