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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fermentation |
Partial degradation of sugars that occur without the use of oxygen |
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Aerobic respiration |
Type of pathway in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel |
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Cellular respiration |
Type of pathway that includes both aerobic and anaerobic processes |
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Redox reaction |
Electronic transfers that are also called oxidation reduction reaction |
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Electron transport chain |
Used in respiration to break the fall of electrons to oxygen into several energy releasing steps |
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Glycolysis |
The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. It is the starting point for fermentation or cellular respiration |
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Oxidative phosphorylation |
A mode of ATP synthesis powered by the redox reactions of the electron transport chain |
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Acetyl CoA |
Acetyl coenzyme A. a compound formed when pyruvate is first converted to a compound upon entering the mitochondria |
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ATP synthase |
The enzyme that actually makes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate |
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Chemiosmosis |
A process in which energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across the membrane is used to drive cellular work such as the synthesis of ATP |
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Lactic acid fermentation |
Process in which pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 |
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Photosynthesis |
A conversion process that converts light energy captured from the Sun in Plants to chemical energy stored in sugar and other organic molecules |
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Chlorophyll |
The green pigment located within chloroplasts of a leaf |
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Light reaction |
The first of two major stages in photosynthesis. These reactions occur on the thylakoid membranes of certain prokaryotes, convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH, releasing oxygen in the process |
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Calvin cycle |
The second of two major stages in photosynthesis. These reactions involve fixation of atmospheric CO2 and reduction of the biggest carbon into carbohydrate |
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NADPH+ |
An acceptor where the transfer of the electrons and hydrogen atoms from water is driven by the Light absorbed by chlorophyll |
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Photophosphorylation |
A process that also uses the light reactions that generate ATP, using chemiosmosis to power the addition of a phosphate group to ADP |
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Carbon fixation |
The initial incorporation of carbon into organic compounds in the Calvin cycle |
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Spectrophotometer |
A machine that measures the ability of a pigment to absorb various wavelengths of light |
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Photosystem |
A light capturing unit located in the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast or in the membrane of some prokaryotes, consisting of a reaction Center complex surrounded by numerous light-harvesting complexes |
