Ch. 8 Terrorism And Zander

Front 1

Terrorism

Back 1

of indiscriminant violence to cause mass fear and panic, in an attempt to intimidate a population into acceptance of a particular set of political goals they would otherwise not accept

victims are not the target audience

Front 2

State Terrorism

Back 2

occasions when states and/or state entities use terroristic methods to induce mass fear or panic as a way or making a population more compliant to governmental edicts

Front 3

Private Terrorism

Back 3

perpetuated by non state groups

Front 4

1968

Back 4

most scholars date the modern era of terrorism for this year

Front 5

Book: Murders on the Nile

Back 5

Bowyer Bell

by mid 1990's Americans began to understand that jihadi terrorism was just to get rid of as many american "infidels" as possible to punish the west

bell doesn't think we can negotiate with them

Front 6

What is Zanders analysis of terrorists using WMDs?

Back 6

such orgaznizations face enormous obstacles on the path to CD weapons capability, decreasing the likelihood of thier use

he also says that if they do get CB, it will probably be low quality, lower than that in military arsenals

Front 7

How does Zander come to his conclusions?

Back 7

he defines a terrorist CB attack to be an attack using CB agents found in military arsenals; minor attacks are not terrorist CW attacks

terrorist groups wold have to go to high measures and create more structure to have a CB attack

Front 8

What are political motives for using CB?

Back 8

Zanders says: they defy the rational use of CBs; no point, no rational legitimization for using them

Front 9

Zanders conclusions

Back 9

-Terrorists can't really obtain a CB
-CB use only makes sense in relation to specific goals-mass hurt and harm via CBs may do more damage to a torrorist org than it can stand
-highly technical, Terrorists would have to use scarce resources to get scientist, which would also run risk of detection by law
-moral norms against CBs are higher, more risky to use

Front 10

How much does it cost to make a suicide car bomb?

Back 10

$1,650
GBU- $34,000

Front 11

What are the Three Key parameters?

Back 11

1. Material Factors
- money, education, complexity of task
2. Social Environment and Norms
-states think of CB attacks worse now, morally wrong; below the belt
3. Group Strategy and Structure

Front 12

How does Zander come to his conclusions?

Back 12

he defines a terrorist CB attack to be an attack using CB agents found in military arsenals; minor attacks are not terrorist CW attacks

terrorist groups wold have to go to high measures and create more structure to have a CB attack

Front 13

What are political motives for using CB?

Back 13

Zanders says: they defy the rational use of CBs; no point, no rational legitimization for using them

Front 14

Zanders conclusions

Back 14

-Terrorists can't really obtain a CB
-CB use only makes sense in relation to specific goals-mass hurt and harm via CBs may do more damage to a torrorist org than it can stand
-highly technical, Terrorists would have to use scarce resources to get scientist, which would also run risk of detection by law
-moral norms against CBs are higher, more risky to use

Front 15

How much does it cost to make a suicide car bomb?

Back 15

$1,650
GBU- $34,000

Front 16

What are the Three Key parameters?

Back 16

1. Material Factors
- money, education, complexity of task
2. Social Environment and Norms
-states think of CB attacks worse now, morally wrong; below the belt
3. Group Strategy and Structure
- a loose knit org, like Al-Qaeda, will find it harder to set up a CB program rather than a tight knit group like Hezbullah
-risk detection by law because they have to search openly
-what does their $$ and personnel really allow them to do

Front 17

What is epochism?

Back 17

we think of terrorism only happening in our own era
-really, lost of bad stuff has happened throughout time

Front 18

START

Back 18

strategic arms reduction treaty

Front 19

SORT

Back 19

Strategic Offensive reductions treaty

Front 20

INF

Back 20

Intermediate range Nuclear Force

Treaty 1987- first time a range of weapons has been banned- btw 500 km and 5500 km

Front 21

NPT

Back 21

Non Proliferation Treaty-
sought to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons
-many refused to sign; India, Pakistan, South Africa, Israel

Front 22

International Law

Back 22

the legal system governing the relationships between nations; law of international relations

Front 23

Victors Justice

Back 23

being prosecuted by winners of war

Front 24

international Private Law

Back 24

deals with the rights and duties of individual human persons ( in law, "corporations" and other entities are legal persons)

Front 25

International Public law

Back 25

more common version of international law; deals with legal rights of duties of sovereign states

Front 26

what International public law is not

Back 26

not a global legal code
-does not deal in torts; no torts in international law

Front 27

what is a tort?

Back 27

a civil wrong which is not also a breach of contract; remedy is suing for damages

Front 28

Why is international public law considered primitive?

Back 28

it doesn't have enforcement capability similar to domestic law; domestic law is considered ADVANCED because it has elements of legislation and enforcement

Front 29

Ultra Vires

Back 29

unauthorized, beyond the scope of power granted by law

Front 30

Intra Vires

Back 30

within the powers or the law

Front 31

Hugo Grotius

Back 31

believed law could be used to settle disputes between countries and perhaps be a tool to help eliminate

Front 32

Two major philosophical roots in international law

Back 32

External Source-
w. ideological.theological school- holds that law is derived from an overarching ideology/theology; ex. treatment of pow= along christian principles
2. naturalist school- holds ppl have, by nature, certain rights and obligations; ex" Dec. of Ind

Internal Sources- positivist school; law should relflect the attitudes, behaviors, and wises of mja

Front 33

statute law

Back 33

body of law which is derived from laws passed by legislatures and coifed into statutes

Front 34

Common Law

Back 34

body of law derived from judicial decisions

Front 35

main distinction between domestic law and international law

Back 35

-in the international laws particular use of legal language
-the practice of justification

Front 36

How is international law rhetorical?

Back 36

it seeks to find and apply acceptable norms and procedures, not whether something is "true"

Front 37

how is international law analogical?

Back 37

concerned with establishing similarites among and between different cases

Front 38

What are the three ways international law is analogical?

Back 38

1. uses analogies to interpret a given rule
2. international law tries to draw similarities bewtween one class of action and a second similar action, to claim that a former is or is not a binding rule
3. international legal argument uses analogies to establish the status of one rule with reference to a second rule

Front 39

Five ways international law is made

Back 39

1. International treaties
2.International Custom
3.General Principles of Law
4. Judicial decisions and scholarly writing
5. International Representative Assemblies

Front 40

Pacta sun servanda

Back 40

agreements must be kept; when states sign or ratify a treaty, the treaty is to be faithfully served or carried out

Front 41

Counterterrorism

Back 41

involves the use of military force against terrorist organizations