Ch 8 Reproduction And Inheritance

Front 1

centromere

Back 1

the middle section of a chromosome where sister chromatids are connected

Front 2

centrosome

Back 2

microtubule organizing center where the microtubules form during mitosis

Front 3

chromatin

Back 3

diffuse mass of DNA in long and thin fibers - unwound DNA

Front 4

chromosome

Back 4

a tightly wound coil of DNA on histone proteins

Front 5

sister chromatids

Back 5

two identical copes of a DNA strand joined at the centromere

Front 6

chiasma

Back 6

location where two homologous chromosomes are connected during crossing over

Front 7

cleavage furrow

Back 7

grove that forms during cytokinesis in animal cells caused by actin and myosin motor proteins

Front 8

crossing over

Back 8

process by which genetic information is exchanged by homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Front 9

cytokinesis

Back 9

the process by which a cell's cytoplasm is divided

Front 10

density-dependent inhibition

Back 10

the normal characteristic demonstrated by cells causing the cell cycle to stop when cells become too densely packed

Front 11

kinetochore

Back 11

protein structure located in the centromere of a chromosome where microtubules attach to a chromosome

Front 12

diploid cell

Back 12

a cell containing a pair of each chromosome - one paternal and one maternal copy

Front 13

gamete

Back 13

a specialized haploid cell - examples are sperm and egg cells

Front 14

genetic recombination

Back 14

the process by which genetic material is exchanged by bacteria, biotech processes, or other means

Front 15

genome

Back 15

the sum of all genetic information found in an organism

Front 16

growth factor

Back 16

a chemical signal that is interpreted by a cell to cause it to begin the cell cycle - regulate the cell cycle

Front 17

haploid cell

Back 17

a cell containing only one copy of each chromosome - example is a gamete

Front 18

homologous chromosomes

Back 18

chromosomes that possess genes for the same characteristics - one is paternal and one is maternal

Front 19

karyotype

Back 19

an image of all the chromosomes in the cell of an organism - used for genetic testing and gender determination

Front 20

malignant tumor

Back 20

a cancerous mass of cells that is able to move from one location to another in the organism

Front 21

meiosis

Back 21

process by which haploid cells are created 2n -> 1n

Front 22

metastasis

Back 22

process cancerous cells undergo to move location within an organism

Front 23

mitotic phase

Back 23

phase of the cell cycle which divides the nucleus and cytoplasm

Front 24

mitotic spindle

Back 24

made of microtubules which function to move an equal number of chromosomes to each daughter cell

Front 25

mitosis

Back 25

cell process that divides the nucleus - made up of PMAT

Front 26

nondisjunction

Back 26

an error that occurs during meiosis when chromosomes are not split equally between daughter cells

Front 27

sarcoma

Back 27

cancer of the supportive tissues such as cartilage, bone, and muscle.

Front 28

sex chromosome

Back 28

a chromosome that determines the sex or gender of an organism; X or Y in humans

Front 29

sister chromatid

Back 29

one of two identical parts of a duplicated chromosome in a eukaryotic cell

Front 30

somatic cell

Back 30

a body cell - non gamete cell

Front 31

tetrad

Back 31

the lining up of a pair of homologous chromosomes seen during prophase I of meiosis

Front 32

translocation

Back 32

the movement of one piece of DNA from one part of a chromosome to another non homologous chromosome

Front 33

tumor

Back 33

a mass of cells

Front 34

zygote

Back 34

a fertilized egg cell