Ch 8 Gov't Vocab: America: Continuity And Change

Front 1

22nd Amendment

Back 1

Adoptedin 1951, prevents a president from serving more than two terms, or more than ten years if he came to office via the death or impreachment of his predecessor.

Front 2

impeachment

Back 2

The power delegated to the House of Representatives in the Constitution to charge the president, vice pres., or other "civil officers," including federal judges, with "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors." This is the first step in the constitutional process of removing such gov't officials from office.

Front 3

Cabinet

Back 3

The formal body of presidential advisers who head the 15 executive departments. Presidents often add others to this body of formal advisers.

Front 4

executive agreement

Back 4

Formal gov't agreement entered into by the pres. that does notr require the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate.

Front 5

veto power

Back 5

The formal, constitutional authority of the pres. to reject bills passes by both houses of Congress, thus preventing their becoming law without further congressional action.

Front 6

line-item veto

Back 6

The authority of a chief executive to delete part of a bill passed by the legislature that involves taxing or spending. The legislature may override a veto, usually w/ a 2/3rds majority of each chamber.

Front 7

War Powers Act

Back 7

Passed by Congress in 1973, the pres. is limited int he deployment of troops overseas to a sixty day period in peacetime (which can be extended for an extra thirty days to permit withdrawl) unless Congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period.

Front 8

pardon

Back 8

An executive grant providing restoration of all rights and privileges of citizenship to a specific individual charged or convictied of a crime.

Front 9

inherent powers

Back 9

Powers that belong to the national gov't simply because it's a sovereign state.

Front 10

New Deal

Back 10

The name given to the program of "Relief, Recovery, Reform" begun by Pres Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to bring the U.S. out of the Great Depression.

Front 11

Executive Office of the President (EOP)

Back 11

Created in 1939 to help the president oversee the executive branch bureaucracy.

Front 12

patronage

Back 12

Jobs, grants or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support.

Front 13

Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

Back 13

The office that prepares the pres.'s annual budget proposal, reviews the budget and programsof the executive departments, supplies economic forecasts, and conducts detailed analysis of proposed bills and agency rules.

Front 14

executive order

Back 14

A rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect of law. All executive orders must be published in the "Federal Register".

Front 15

executive privilage

Back 15

An implied presidential power that allows the pres. to refuse to disclose info. regarding confidential coversations or national secruity to Congress or the judiciary.

Front 16

U.S. vs Nixon (1974)

Back 16

Key Supreme Ct ruling on power of the pres., finding that there is no absolute constitutional executive privilege to allow a pres. to refuse to comply w/a ct order to produce info needed in a criminal trial.

Front 17

25th Amendment

Back 17

Adopted in 1967, to establish procedures for filling vacances in the office of president and vice pres. as well as providing for procedures to deal w/the disability of a pres.

Front 18

bureaucracy

Back 18

A set of complex hierarchical departments, agencies, commissions, and their staffs that exist to help a chief executive officer carry out his or her duties. Bureaucracies may be his or her duties. Bureaucracies may be private organizations of gov'tal units.

Front 19

spoils system

Back 19

The firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party and their replacement w/loyalists of the newly elected parts.

Front 20

Pendleton Act

Back 20

jobReform measure that created the Civil Service Commission to adminsiter a partial merit system. The act classified the federal service by grades, to which appointments were made based on the results of a competitive examination. It made it illegal for federal political appointees to be required to contribute to a particular political party.

Front 21

civil service system

Back 21

the system created by civil service laws by which many appointments to the federal bureaucracy are made

Front 22

merit system

Back 22

the system by which federal civil service jobs are classified into grades or levels, to which appointments are made on the basis of performance on competitive examination

Front 23

independent regulatory commision

Back 23

an agency created by Congress that is generally concerned w/a specific aspect of the economy.

Front 24

departments

Back 24

Major administrative units with responsiblity for a broad area of gov't operations. Departmental status usually indicates a permanent national interest in a particular gov'tal function, such as defense, commerce, or agriculture.

Front 25

Gov't Corporation

Back 25

Business established by Congress to perform functions that can be provided by private businesses (such as the U.S. Postal Service).

Front 26

Independent executive Agency

Back 26

Gov'tal unit that closely resembles a Cabinet department but has a narrower area of responsibility (such as the CIA) and is not part of any Cabinet department

Front 27

Hatch Act

Back 27

Law enacted in 1939 to prohibit civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns. This act prohibited federal employees from making political contruibutuions, working for a particular party, or campaigning for a particular candidate.

Front 28

Federal Employees Political Activities Act

Back 28

1993 liberalization of the Hatch Act. Federal employees are now allowed to run for office in nonpartisan elections and to contribute money to campaigns in partisan elections.

Front 29

implementation

Back 29

The process by which a law or policy is put into operation by the bureaucracy.

Front 30

Iron Traingles

Back 30

The relatively stable relationoships and patterns of interaction that occur among an agency, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees.

Front 31

issue network

Back 31

The loose and informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas.

Front 32

interagency councils

Back 32

working grous created to facilitate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of gov'tal agencies.

Front 33

administrative discretion

Back 33

the ability of the bureaucrates to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional intentions

Front 34

rule making

Back 34

a quasi-legisative administrative process that has the characteristics of a legislative act.

Front 35

regulations

Back 35

rules that govern the operation of a particular gov't program that have the force of law.

Front 36

administrative adjudication

Back 36

A quasi-judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes btwn 2 parties in a manner similar to the way courts resolve disputes.