Ch 8 Antiinfectives

Front 1

Define infection

Back 1

presence of an organism on or within the tissue resulting in an immune response and or destruction of the tissue

Front 2

Define colonization

Back 2

Presence of an organism on or within the tiess NOT resulting in an immune response and or destruction of the tissue

Front 3

Define antibiotic

Back 3

a product of a "Living" microorganism that can exert a deleterious effect on other microorganisms (kills or inhibits)

Front 4

Define antimicrobial

Back 4

any naturally occurring or synthetic substance which kills or inhibits growth of microorganisms

Front 5

Define Broad spectrum

Back 5

an agent effective against more than a single class of microorganisms (gram +, gram -, anaerobes) and sometimes non bacterial parasites
*A more desirable alternative topically*

Front 6

Define narrow spectrum

Back 6

an agent effective against a limited number of microorganisms.

Front 7

This class of anti-infective is less likely to disrupt the body's normal flora when used systemically.

Back 7

Narrow spectrum

Front 8

Define disinfectant

Back 8

an agent used on objects that kills microorganisms capagle of producing infections.

This is not sterilization because it does NOT kill spores, viruses, or some very resistant bacteria

Front 9

Define antiseptic

Back 9

an agent used in living tissue that inhibits or kills microorganisms capable of producing infection.

*Not as strong as a disinfectant*

Front 10

This agent is not as strong as a disinfectant

Back 10

Antiseptic

Front 11

Define Bactericide

Back 11

An agent that KILLS bacteria INDEPENDENT of hte immune system.
It generally effects bacterial cell walls or permeability of cell membrane.
Penicillins, cephalosporins, polymyxin, vanomycin

Front 12

Define bacteriostatic

Back 12

a substance that INHIBITS growth of bacteria. The immune system is what kills the bacteria.

Front 13

This anti-infective class generally functions as antimetabolites or inhibitors of protein synthesis.

Back 13

Bacteriostatic class of anti-infectives

Front 14

What anti-infective class does the following belong to? Tetracyclines
Sulfonamides
Erythromycin
Lincomycin

Back 14

Bacteriostatic

Front 15

Resistance develops if (3)

Back 15

1. The anti-infective used is less than adequate doses.
2. Treatment is quit too soon.
3. Anti-infective given unnecessarily (untreatable infection like measles, mumps, chickenpox, respiratory infections), treating fever or prophylaxis

Front 16

Define superinfection

Back 16

the development of an infection superimposed on the one being treated.

Front 17

2 ways superinfections can form

Back 17

The overgrowth of the resistant strain

Minimized competition from helpful bacteria. (maybe caused by broad spectrum bacteria)

Front 18

3 general cautions of antimicrobial therapy include

Back 18

Superinfection development

Allergy and other hypersensitive reactions

Direct toxicity

Front 19

Allergy and other hypersensitive reactions from antimicrobial therapy include _________ within 30-60 min, or ____ _____ in 1-72 hours, or ___ ___ ___ in over 72 hours.

Back 19

Immediate reaction
Accelerated hypersensitivity
Late hypersensitivity reaction

Front 20

Immediate allergic reactions include (4)

Back 20

Urticaria
Anaphylaxis
Laryngeal Edema
Bronchospasm

Front 21

Accelerated hypersensitivity antimicrobial reactions include (2)

Back 21

Urticaria
Measles like rash

Front 22

Late hypersensitivity reactions to antimicrobial therapy include (5)

Back 22

Maculopapular rash
Drug fever
Hemolytic anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Interstitial nephritis

Front 23

Direct toxicity reactions from antimicrobial therapy include (6)

Back 23

Skin - rashes, flushing, photosensitivity
G.I. - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cholecystitis
Kidney and Liver damage
Blood - anemia, marrow depression, platelet dysfunction)
Neurological reactions and seizures
Ototoxicity, deafness

Front 24

Matching these Protein synthesis inhibitors as a Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic agent:
Aminoglycosides, macrolides, erythromycin streptomycin, lincosamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol

Back 24

Bactericidal
Aminoglycosides including streptomycin

Bacteriostatic
Macrolides including erythromycin, tetracyclines, lincosamides, choloamphenicol

Front 25

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors (generally bactericidal) that are beta-lactams are.....

Hint, p,c,c,m

Back 25

Penicillins
Cephalosporins,
Carbapenems
Monobactams

Front 26

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors (generally bactericidal) that are Glycopeptides are....

Hint, v, b.

Back 26

Vancomycin

Bacitracin

Front 27

DNA inhibitors (bactericidal) include......

Back 27

Quinolones and Fluoroquinolones

*Synthetic and non-antibiotic agents

Front 28

Folic Acid synthesis inhibitors (bacteriostatic) include

Back 28

Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim

Front 29

Penicillin is a _______ spectrum "beta-________" antimicrobial agent. It mainly kills gram _________ microorganisms. Large doses _____ be given because it is _______ toxic to humans.

Back 29

Broad Spectrum "Beta-Lactams"
Kills gram +
Large doses may be given
Not normally toxic to humans

Front 30

Cautions for penicillin (cell wall synthesis inhibitor - beta-lactams) include ______ disease because......

Back 30

Renal disease, may cause CNS stimulatoin and convulsions.

Front 31

Clavulanic acid inhibit what?

Back 31

it's a beta lactamase inhibitor being used to rejuvenate penicillins against penicillinase producing Staph., H. influenzae, & E. coli