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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell Cycle |
the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication |
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Mitosis |
a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus |
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Interphase |
the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis. |
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Restriction point |
a point in G1 of the animal cell cycle at which the cell becomes “committed” to the cell cycle |
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Cytokinesis |
the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis |
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Daughter Cell |
Either of the two cells formed when a cell undergoes cell division by mitosis |
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Nucleotide Base Pairing |
Any of the pairs of nucleotides connecting the complementary strands of a molecule of DNA or RNA |
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Hydrogen Bond |
a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other |
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Antiparallel |
parallel but moving or oriented in opposite directions |
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DNA Polymerase |
a type of enzyme that is responsible for forming new copies of DNA |
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Semiconservative Replication |
would produce two copies that each contained one of the original strands and one new strand |
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Histone |
any of a group of basic proteins found in chromatin |
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Chromosome |
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes |
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Chromatin |
the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA. |
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Mutation |
the changing of the structure of a gene |
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Mutagen |
an agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, that causes genetic mutation |
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Excision Repair |
In biochemistry and genetics, base excision repair (BER) is a cellular mechanism that repairs damaged DNA throughout the cell cycle |
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Sister Chromatids |
refers to either of the two identical copies formed by the replication of a single chromosome |
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Centromere |
the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division |
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Aneuploid |
having particular genes or chromosomal regions present in extra or fewer copies than in the normal type |
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Prophase |
the first stage of cell division, before metaphase, during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears |
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Metaphase |
the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers |
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Anaphase |
the stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle |
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Telophase |
the final phase of cell division |
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Mitotic Spindle Fibers |
the macromolecular machine that segregates chromosomes to two daughter cells during mitosis |
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Spindle Poles |
the microtubule organizing center in yeast cells |
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Kinetochore |
another term for centromere |
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Cyclins |
any of a number of proteins associated with the cycle of cell division that are thought to initiate certain processes of mitosis |
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Kinases |
an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a specified molecule |
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Cancer |
the disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body |
