Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The Respiratory System is responsible for
|
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, so the cells of the body will get their required oxygen and get rid of the waste product - carbon dioxide
|
|
|
respiration rate
|
Taking IN the oxygen and getting the carbon dioxide OUT One respiration equals one breathing in (inspiration, inhale) AND one breathing out (expiration, exhale). The normal respiration rate is considered anywhere from 10 to 20 respirations per minute.
|
|
|
nasal cavity
|
where the air enters
|
|
|
septum
|
divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides
|
|
|
olfactory neurons
|
receptors for smell
|
|
|
cilia
|
thin hairs that filter particles from the air, entering the nasal cavity
|
|
|
pharynx
|
throat - passageway for air and food
|
|
|
nasopharynx
|
in back of the nose - passageway for air - contains the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
|
|
|
oropharynx
|
in back of the mouth - passageway for air and food - contains the palatine tonsils (tonsils)
|
|
|
laryngopharynx
|
above the larynx - passageway for air and food
|
|
|
larynx
|
voicebox - responsible for sound
|
|
|
epiglottis
|
"lid" over the larynx that prevents food and liquids from getting into the lungs
|
|
|
trachea
|
windpipe
|
|
|
bronchi
|
two branches of the trachea - each bronchus further divides into smaller and smaller branches until the small ones are called bronchioles (small bronchus). The term bronchial tree is used for all these divisions of the bronchi, because of the the branching resembling tree branches.
|
|
|
alveoli
|
air sacs at the end of the bronchioles - where the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
|
|
|
lobes
|
the lungs are divided into lobes; right lung has 3 lobes, left lung has 2 lobes. The lungs are also "unofficially" divided into areas - apex is the top of the lung; hilum is the middle of the lung, where the activity is - blood vessels, nerves, etc. entering and exiting; and base is the bottom of the lung
|
|
|
mediastinum
|
space between the lungs, where the heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchi are
|
|
|
pleura
|
membrane that surrounds the lung and also lines the thoracic cavity. There is 2 layers to this membrane (pleura). The space between these 2 layers (pleural cavity) contains lubricating fluid, so the membranes can slide over each other, during respiration
|
|
|
phrenic nerve
|
causes the diaphragm to move
|
|
|
COPD
|
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, also called COLD - chronic obstructive lung disease - includes the disorders of asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema
|
|
|
asthma
|
spasms in the bronchial passage
|
|
|
paroxysmal
|
sudden and violent (spasms)
|
|
|
mucolytics
|
medications that open up the bronchi, breaking down mucus, so it can be coughed up more easily
|
|
|
bronchodilators
|
medications that open up the bronchial passage, by dilating the bronchi
|
|
|
chronic bronchitis
|
inflammation of bronchi
|
|
|
expectorants
|
medications to help remove mucus from the lungs, bronchi and trachea
|
|
|
emphysema
|
alveoli lose elasticity; air sacs expand but cannot contract to original size
|
|
|
orthopnea
|
patients breathe easier when sitting or standing (straight breathing)
|
|
|
pleural effusions
|
excess fluid in the pleural cavity
|
|
|
bronchopneumonia
|
any inflammatory disease of the lungs
|
|
|
lobar pneumonia
|
affects only a lobe of the lung
|
|
|
double pneumonia
|
affects both the right and left lungs
|
|
|
cystic fibrosis
|
hereditary disorder which is systemic (whole system/body), especially the lungs, pancreas, and digestive tract
|
|
|
viscous
|
extremely thick (i.e. mucus)
|
|
|
RDS
|
respiratory distress syndrome - absence or impairment in the reproduction of surfactant (wetting agent), which keeps lungs from collapsing during exhalation
|
|
|
IRDS
|
infant respiratory distress syndrome - RDS in infants; used to be called hyaline membrane disease
|
|
|
ARDS
|
adult respiratory distress syndrome - RDS in adults
|
|
|
croup
|
viral infection in young children, with symptoms of hoarseness and barking cough
|
|
|
pneumothroax
|
accumulation of air in the pleural space, which causes the lung to collapse
|
|
|
atelectasis
|
incomplete dilation/collapsed lung
|
|
|
coryza
|
common cold
|
|
|
epistaxis
|
nose bleed
|
|
|
pertussis
|
whooping cough
|
|
|
pleurisy; pleuritis
|
inflammation of pleura
|
|
|
pneumoconiosis; anthracosis; asbestosis
|
dust in the lungs - i.e. coal dust, asbestos
|
|
|
pulmonary edema
|
excess fluid in the lungs
|
|
|
pulmonary embolus
|
floating clot in the lung
|
|
|
SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)
|
also known as crib death
|
|
|
tuberculin test; Mantoux
|
diagnose TB
|
|
|
antitussives
|
medication to stop coughin
|
|
|
decongestants
|
medication to clear the nasal area
|
|
|
TPR
|
temperature, pulse, respiration
|
|
|
T&A
|
tonsils and adenoids
|
|
|
body parts of the upper respiratory tract
|
nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea
|
|
|
body parts of the lower respiratory tract
|
bronchial tree and lungs
|
|
|
sinus
|
air-filled cavity in a bone
|
|
|
agonal breathing
|
describes breathing near death
|
|
|
asphyxiation/suffocation
|
interruption of breathing, could result in unconsciousness or death
|
|
|
cyanosis
|
abnormal condition of blue - skin is a bluish color because of lack of enough oxygen
|
|
|
aspiration
|
aspiration can be normal and can be abnormal.
Normal: removing fluids or gases from a body cavity, by suction (i.e. during surgery). Abnormal: inhaling a substance (i.e. food) into the upper respiratory tract |
|
|
hyperventilation
|
abnormally fast, deep breathing; the cells will have decreased amount of carbon dioxide - asthma, anxiety, etc. can cause hyperventilation
|
|
|
pharyngitis
|
inflammation of throat - "sore throat"
|
|
|
dysphonia
|
bad voice - "hoarseness"
|
|
|
tracheotomy
|
incision into the trachea - emergency procedure to get access to the airway (i.e. below a blockage)
|
|
|
trachostomy
|
new opening into the trachea - creating a hole/opening (stoma - hole/opening on the body; natural or surgically done) into the trachea so a tube can be inserted, for air passage and removal of secretions
|
|
|
endotracheal intubation
|
putting a tube into the trachea - passing a tube into the mouth or nose, through the pharynx and larynx, into the trachea to get an airway
|
|
|
patent
|
open (i.e. airways are patent; airways are open - what you want to hear)
|
|
|
ventilator
|
mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing when patient cannot breathe unassisted
|
|
|
auscultation
|
listening to sounds within the body, with a stethoscope
|
|
|
percussion
|
tapping and listening - tapping on a surface to determine if there is a problem inside the body. Tapping over a solid organ gives a dull sound. Tapping over an air-filled structure (i.e. lung) gives resonance (hollow sound). If lungs fill with fluid and become more dense/solid, resonance becomes a dull sound
|
|
|
rales
|
abnormal crackling sounds heard during inspiration (breathing in). This is caused by fluid inside a bronchus
|
|
|
rhonchi
|
abnormal wheezing sounds heard during expiration (breathing out). This is caused by narrowed bronchus, like with asthma
|
|
|
sleep apnea
|
person quits breathing while sleeping
|
|
|
Legionnaires disease
|
type of pneumonia
|
|
|
RSV
|
respiratory syncytial virus - really affects babies and small children; usually occurs in the winter or spring
|
|
|
SARS
|
severe acute respiratory syndrome - flu-like symptoms; was very prevalent in China
|
