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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The positive form of adverbs and predicative adjectives. . . (e.g. Anna cooks very well (adv.); The meal was very simple (adj.)).
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occur in the stem form and do not take endings. (e.g. Anna koch sehr einfach (adv.); Das Essen war sehr einfach (adj.).)
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The comparative form of adverbs and predicate adjectives is formed by . . .
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adding -er to the positive stem. (e.g. Er fährt sneller; Der Wagen ist sneller.)
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The superlative form of adverbs and predicate adjectives is formed by . . .
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adding -st to the positive stem, and placing it in the am ____en matrix. (e.g. Er fa:hrt am snellsten; Der Wagen is am snellsten.) [Note: superlative cannot generally stand alone without am ____en matrix.]
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Predictable variations in basic pattern of comparative adjectives: positive forms ending in -d, -t, or any "s" sound (-s, -ss, -z, -sch) add . . .
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est (rather than st) to form the superlative.
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Predictable variations in basic pattern of comparative adjectives: positive forms ending in -e add . . .
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only r (rather than -er) to form the comparative.
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Predictable variations in basic pattern: positive forms ending in -el ...
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drop the e in the comparative (e.g. dunkel, dunkler*, am dunkelsten)
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Predictable variations in basic pattern: positive forms ending in -euer ...
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drop the second e in the comparative (e.g. teuer, teurer*, am teuersten)
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Umlaut rule for comparative and superlative adjectives . ..
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most one*-syllable adjectives with stem vowels in a and u take an umlaut in their comparative and superlative forms (e.g. alt, a:lter, a:ltest-; jung, ju:nger, ju:nst-) The stem vowel o is only occasionally (grob, gro:ber, gro:bst-). umlauted.
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*pairs* of adj that must take an umlaut in comp and superlative (clue: old, cold, short, strong)
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alt, jung, kalt, warm, kurz, lang, stark, schwach
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other adj that must take an umlaut in the comp and superlative (poor, stupid, rude, hard, clever, sharp)
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arm, dumm, grob, hart, klug, scharf
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adj that do *not* take an umlaut in the comp and superlative (flat, happy, clear, swift, brutish, thin, proud, great, full)
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flach, froh, klar, rasch, roh, schlank, stolz, toll, voll
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Irregular forms: gross, gut, hoch (hoh), nah(e), viel
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gross,gro:sser, gro:sst- (only adds t); gut, besser, best-; hoch, ho:her (drops c), ho:chst-; nah(e), na:her, na:chst- (adds c in superlative); viel, mehr, meist-(when meist takes adj endings it must be preceded by the def. art., e.g. die meisten Studenten).
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trans: I like to drink tea.
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Ich trinke gern Tee. (Gern is an adv. that adds the meaning of "like to" to a verb.)
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trans: I'd rather drink coffee. I like to drink wine best of all.
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Ich trinke lieber Kaffee. Ich trinke am liebsten Wein. (Gern has irregular comparative and superlative forms.)
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Trans: He drives as fast as you.
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Er fa:hrt so schnell wie du. (so . . . wie is a common formula with positive use of adj.)
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Trans: She drives faster than you.
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Sie fa:hrt schneller als du. (The conjunction als is commonly used with comparative form of advs. and adjs.
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Trans: Cars become more and more expensive.
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Autos werden immer teurer. (immer is used where English would say, e.g. faster and faster, or more and more expensive)
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Trans: The more he works, the more tired he gets.
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Je mehr er arbeitet, desto mu:der wird er. (je ... desto is a commonly used formula used to connect two comparatives)
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Trans: That is a fast car.
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Das ist ein schneller Wagen. (positive, comparative, and superlative adj stems take normal adj. endings when they precede a noun)
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Trans: That is a faster car.
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Das ist ein schnellerer Wagen. (positive, comparative, and superlative adj stems take normal adj. endings when they precede a noun)
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Trans: That is the fastest car.
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Das ist der schnellste Wagen. (positive, comparative, and superlative adj stems take normal adj. endings when they precede a noun)
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Trans: This suit is the cheapest [one].
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Dieser Anzug is der Billigste [Anzug]. (A common pattern that can be confusing because attributative form of the adj is used with the second noun omitted.)
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