Ch 7 Med Term

Front 1

glomerulonephritis

Back 1

kidney glomerulus inflammation

Front 2

interstitial nephritis

Back 2

renal interstitium ( connective tissue in between renal tubules) inflammation

Front 3

nephrolithiasis

Back 3

kidney stones (renal calculi)

Front 4

nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)

Back 4

group of clinical signs/sx caused by excessive protein loss in urine (proteinuria)

Front 5

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

Back 5

multiple cysts (fluid filled sacs) within & on kidney

Front 6

pyelonephritis

Back 6

renal pelvis & medulla inflammation

Front 7

renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma)

Back 7

adulthood cancerous kidney tumor

Front 8

renal failure

Back 8

kidney failure to excrete wastes/maintain filtration function

Front 9

renal hypertension

Back 9

kidney disease --> HTN

type of 2ndary HTN

Front 10

wilms tumor

Back 10

childhood malignant kidney tumor

Front 11

diabetes insipidus

Back 11

inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to ADH's (antidiuretic hormone) action

Front 12

diabetes mellitus

Back 12

inadequate secretion or improper use of insulin

Front 13

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Back 13

measure of blood urea levels

-usually low b/c excreted in urine but when kidney disease --> uremia

Front 14

creatine clearance

Back 14

measures rate creatine is cleared from blood by kidney (mL/min)

Scr (serum creatine) drawn from blood; should be low normally

Front 15

CT scan

Back 15

X-ray image showing detailed cross-sectional view of organs & tissues

-taken with or without contrast media

help in dx of tumors, cysts, abscesses, hydronephrosis (water inside kidney usually due to obstruction)

Front 16

kidneys, ureters, & bladder (KUB)

Back 16

X-ray w/o contrast media of KUB

shows size, location of kidneys in relation to other abdominopelvic region organs

Front 17

renal angiography

Back 17

X-ray with contrast media of kidney vasculature system (vessels)

dx of kidney tumors & outline renal vessels in HTN pts

Front 18

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

Back 18

pyel/o = renal pelvic

X-ray of KUB with contrast media through catheter into ureters

-helps locate kidney stones & obstructions

Front 19

voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

Back 19

X-ray record with contrast of urinary bladder & urethra obtained while pt is urinating

-bladder filled with contrast then X-ray

Front 20

ultrasonography

Back 20

high-freq sound waves to image urinary tract

helps with seeing kidney size, tumors, hydronephrosis, PKD, & ureteral/bladder obstruction

Front 21

radioisotope scan

Back 21

radioactive substance (radioisotope) injected into blood that concentrates in kidney & then image can be seen

picture shows size & shape (renal scan)

function shown (renogram)

helps with knowing size of blood vessels, dx of obstruction, know function

Front 22

MR (magnetic resonance)

Back 22

kidney pictures & surrounding structure in all 3 body planes made using magnetic field & radio waves

Front 23

cystoscopy

Back 23

endoscope (cystoscope) used for direct visual examination of urinary bladder

panendoscope - cystoscope that gives wide-angeled view of bladder*

Front 24

dialysis

Back 24

process of separation nitrogenous waste from bloodstream when kidneys not functioning

2 methods: Hemodialysis (HD) & peritoneal dialysis (PD)

Front 25

hemodialysis (HD)

Back 25

artificial kidney machine filters waste filled blood of pts & returns dialyzed blood to body

arteriovenous fistula (communication b/t an artery & vein) is created surgically to give access for HD

Front 26

peritoneal dialysis (PD)

Back 26

peritoneal catheter (tube) puts dialysis soln (fluid) into peritoneal (abdominal) cavity --> fluid causes waste in capillaries of peritoneum to pass out of blood & into fluid & then removed by catheter

CAPD - continuous ambulatory PD

CCPD - continuous cycling PD - while pt sleeps

Front 27

lithotripsy

Back 27

urinary tract stones crushed & either removed or passed via urine

2 methods: extracorporeal & endoscopic

Front 28

extracorporeal lithotripsy

Back 28

uses shock waves directed twd stone from outside of body

Front 29

endoscopic lithotripsy

Back 29

endoscope into ureter & laser crushes stone*

Front 30

renal angioplasty

Back 30

use balloon attached to catheter to go into artery & enlarge vessel; can then put in stent

*causes dilation of narrowed areas of renal arteries*

Front 31

renal biopsy

Back 31

kidney tissue removed & taken for examination by pathologist

done during surgery (open biopsy) or through skin (percutaneous or closed biopsy)

Front 32

renal transplantation

Back 32

kidney surgically transferred from donor to recipient

isograft - transplants b/t identical twins or allograft (other person) or cadaver

Front 33

urinary catheterization

Back 33

a flexible, tubular instrument is put through urethra into urinary bladder

used for short or long-term drainage of urine

Front 34

foley catheter

Back 34

indwelling catheter held in place by balloon inflated with air or liquid

Front 35

cali/o, calic/o

Back 35

calyx (calix) - cup like collecting region of renal pelvic

Front 36

cyst/o

Back 36

urinary bladder or cyst

Front 37

glomerul/o

Back 37

glomerulus (tiny ball of capillaries in kidney cortex)

Front 38

meat/o

Back 38

meatus (opening or canal)

Front 39

nephr/o

ren/o

Back 39

kindey

Front 40

pyel/o

Back 40

renal pelvis

Front 41

trigon/o

Back 41

trigone region of bladder

Front 42

ureter/o

Back 42

ureter

Front 43

urthr/o

Back 43

urethra

Front 44

vesic/o

Back 44

urinary bladder

ex: perivesical

Front 45

dips/o

Back 45

thirst

ex: polydipsia

Front 46

lith/o

Back 46

stone

Front 47

noct/o

Back 47

night

ex: noctouria - frequent peeing at night

Front 48

py/o

Back 48

pus

Front 49

-tripsy

Back 49

to crush

ex: lithotripsy

Front 50

ur/o

Back 50

urine (urea)

Front 51

urin/o

Back 51

urine

Front 52

-uria

Back 52

urination; urine condition