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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is sepsis?
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microbial contamination
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What is asepsis?
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the absence of significant contamination
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What do aseptic surgery techniques prevent?
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microbial contamination of wounds
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What is sterilization?
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removal of all microbial growth
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What is disinfection?
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removal of pathogens
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What is antisepsis?
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removal of pathogens from living tissue
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What is degermingtion?
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removal of microbes from a limited area
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What is sanitization?
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lower microbial counts on eating utensils
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What is biocide/germicide?
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kills microbes
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What is bacteriostasis?
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inhibiting, not killing, microbes
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What does the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment depend on?
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number of microbes
environment time of exposure microbial characteristics |
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What are the three ways microbial agents act on microorganisms?
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alternation of membrane permeability
damage to proteins damage to nucleic acids |
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How does soap act on microorganisms?
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flushes them away
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How does dry heat kill microorganisms?
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oxidation
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What are the different types of dry heat?
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flaming
incineration hot-air sterilization- ovens |
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How does moist heat kill microorganisms?
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denatures proteins
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What can still survive boiling?
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spores
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What is the most common instrument used to sterilize using moist heat?
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autoclaving
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How does an autoclave work?
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pressure allows steam to become superheated
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What is an advantage of an autoclave?
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sterilizing liquids
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What must the steam do to be able to sterilize?
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come in contact with items surface
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What is pasteurization do?
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reduces spoilage organisms and pathogens
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What can survive pasteurization?
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spores
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How does low temps control microorganisms growth?
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slows down microbial growth
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What can survive deep freezing?
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spores
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How does dessication kill microorganisms?
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removes water so it prevents metabolism
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How does filtration remove most microbes?
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with a filter small enough to filter them out of the liquid
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What can get through filtration?
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viruses and small microbes
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How does osmotic pressure kill microorganisms?
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causes plasmolysis
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What is not prevented with osmotic pressure?
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mold growth
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How does radiation kill microorganisms?
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damages DNA
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What is an antiseptic?
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used on living tissue
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What is disinfectant?
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used on nonliving things
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What are the principles of effective disinfection?
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concentration of disinfectant
organic matter pH time |
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Which microbes are the most resistant?
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prions
endospores of bacteria mycobacteria |
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Which microbes are the least resistant?
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viruses with lipid envelopes
gram-positive bacteria viruses without envelopes |
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Which is more resistant, gram - or gram +?
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gram -
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How does phenolics kill microbes?
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disrupt membranes and denatures proteins
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Is phenolics a disinfectant or an antiseptic?
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disinfectant
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How do biphenols kill microbes?
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disruption of plasma membranes
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Is biphenols a disinfectant or antiseptic?
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both
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How does triclosan kill microbes?
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Inhibits an enzyme needed for the biosynthesis of lipids
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Is triclosan a disinfectant or antiseptic?
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both
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How do biguanides kill microbes?
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Disruption of plasma membrane
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Is biguanides a disinfectant or antiseptic?
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both
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What does biguanides not kill?
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mycobacterium spp.
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How do halogens kill microbes?
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Iodine inhibits protein function; chlorine alters cellular components
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Is halogen a disinfectant or antiseptic?
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both
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