Ch. 7 Bone Tissue

Front 1

functions of skeletal system

Back 1

support, protection, movement, blood formation, mineral reservoir, pH balance, detoxification

Front 2

flat bones are made what type of bone

Back 2

compact

Front 3

middle layer of bone is made of what

Back 3

spongy bone-diploe

-no marrow cavity

Front 4

the shaft/diaphysis is a compact bone that contains what

Back 4

marrow cavity/medullary cavity

Front 5

endosteum lines the shaft and is made of what

Back 5

osteopenic cells and reticular connective tissue

Front 6

what are the ends/epiphyses

Back 6

spongy bone covered with a layer of compact bone

Front 7

joint surface is covered with what

Back 7

articular cartilage

Front 8

outer layer of bone is covered with what

Back 8

periosteum

Front 9

where do osteogenic cells reside?

Back 9

endosteum, periosteum, central canals

Front 10

osteogenic cells arise from______ and give source for ________

Back 10

fibroblasts, osteoblasts

Front 11

examples of organic matter

Back 11

collagen, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, glycoproteins

Front 12

examples of inorganic matter

Back 12

85% hydroxyapatite
10% calcium carbonate
minerals

Front 13

osteon?

Back 13

basic structural unit
-lamellae arranged around central canal holding blood vessel

Front 14

what are the perforating/volkmann canals

Back 14

vascular canals perpendicularly joining central canals

Front 15

spongy bone has what type of bone marrow

Back 15

red

Front 16

bone marrow is found where in long and spongy bones

Back 16

medullary cavity

Front 17

hemopoietic means

Back 17

produces blood cells

Front 18

where is yellow marrow found

Back 18

long bones of adults

Front 19

what does intramembranous ossificationc do

Back 19

produces flat bones of skull and clavicle

Front 20

where does the primary ossification center form

Back 20

in center of cartilage model

Front 21

metaphysis?

Back 21

cartilagenous material that remains as growth plate b/w medullary cavity and secondary ossification centers

Front 22

what happens at zone of proliferation layer

Back 22

chondrocytes multiply forming columns of flat lacunae

Front 23

what happens at zone of bone decomposition

Back 23

chondrocytes die and each channel is filled with osteoblasts and blood vessels to form a haversian canal + osteon

Front 24

bones increase in length by ______growth

Back 24

interstitial growth

Front 25

bones increase in width by ______growth

Back 25

appositional growth

Front 26

what is minerlization

Back 26

crystalization process in which ions are removed from blood plasma and deposited in bone tissue

Front 27

ectopic ossification?

Back 27

abnormal calcification

Front 28

ion imbalances: hypocalcemia

Back 28

deficiency of blood calcium
-less calcium, sodium channels openmore easily exciting neuron

Front 29

ion imbalances: hypercalcemia

Back 29

-excessive calcium binding to cell surface makes sodium channels less likely to open, depressing nervous system

Front 30

calcium phosphate homeostasis depends on...

Back 30

calcitriol, calcitonin, PTH

Front 31

hypocalcemia causes ...

Back 31

carpopedal spasm

Front 32

another name for activated vitamin d that behaves as a hormone

Back 32

calcitriol

Front 33

calcitonin is secreted by...

Back 33

c cells of thyroid gland when calcium conc. rises too high

Front 34

calcitonin functions...

Back 34

reduces osteoclast activity by 70%
-increases osteoblasts

Front 35

parathyroid hormone functions:

Back 35

-osteoclast multiplication
-calcium resorption
-calcitriol synthesis

Front 36

pathological fracture

Back 36

break in a bone weakened by some other disease (bone cancer or osteoporosis)

Front 37

fracture hematoma

Back 37

broken vessels form a blood clot