Ch. 7 Biology Words

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Herbarium

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Institution where scientific collections of plant specimens are held

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Reference collections

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Collections of plant or animal species held in herbarium and museums

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Databases

Back 3

Large organised sets of information stored in computers, accessible by various groups such as research scientists, managers, students and the general public

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Binomial system of naming

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The system used to name species. Each species is given a name that consists of two parts.

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Genus name

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The first part of the bionominal scientific name that defines the genus to which the animal belongs.

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Specific name

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The second part of the binomial scientific name that identifies the particular member that belongs to the genus.

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Polynominal system

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Early system of naming organisms using long latin descriptions

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Taxonomists

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Biologists who specalise in identifying, naming, describing and classifying organisms

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Systematics

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A broader study which aims to describe the relationships between different groups of organisms and to understand the evolutionary history of life on earth

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Taxonomy

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Area of study concerned with the describing, naming and classification of organisms.

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Endemic

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Organisms that are native to a particular country, or are restricted to a particular place

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DNA Barcoding

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A taxonomic method that uses a short genetic marker in an organisms DNA to identify it as belonging to a particular species

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Extinct

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An animal, plant or organism is said to be extinct if 50 years have passed since the last reliable sighting

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Classification

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Process of organising things into roups according to one or more criteria

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Criterion

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A principle or standard by which something might be judged or decided

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Family

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Groups of related genera form a group known as a family

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Order

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Related families form a group known as an order

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Taxon

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Is defined as any level of classification

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Class

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Groups of related order form a group known as a class

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Phylum

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Related classes form a group known as a phylum

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Primitive characters

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Features that were present in common ancestors and so appear in all members of the group

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Derived characters

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Advanced or modified features that evolved later and appear in some of the group members

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Cladogram

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A branching diagram showing the relationship between a number of species

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Kingdoms

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A taxonomic catergory that groups together all forms of life that have certain fundamental characteristics in common

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Domains

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The highest rank of organisms in which there are 3 groupings: Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya

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Bacteria domain

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Composed of organisms that are much more common than archaea and live almost anywhere

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Archaea domain

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Constructed of single celled prokaryotic organisms that have distinct characteristics seperating them from bacteria and eukaryotes

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Eukarya domain

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Animals, plants, fungi and protists make up the eukarya domain