Ch 7

Front 1

gravida

Back 1

women who is pregnant

Front 2

gavidity

Back 2

pregnancy

Front 3

multigravida

Back 3

a women who has had two or more pregnancies

Front 4

multipara

Back 4

a women who has completed two or more pregnancies to 20 wks gestatation or more

Front 5

mulligravida

Back 5

a women who has never been pregnant

and is not currently preg

Front 6

nullipara

Back 6

a women who has not completed a prey with a fetus beyond 20 wks gestation

Front 7

parity

Back 7

number of pregnancies that have reached 20 wks gestation..not the number of fetuses born. not affected by if the baby is born alive or is stillborn

Front 8

preterm

Back 8

prey that reaches 20 wks but ends before 37 wks

Front 9

primigravida

Back 9

preg for the first time

Front 10

primipara

Back 10

women who has completed one prey with a fetus who have reached 20 wks

Front 11

term

Back 11

38 wks to 42 wks

Front 12

GTPAL

Back 12

gravidity

term

preterm

abortions

living children

Front 13

earliest biological marker for preg

Back 13

HCG

Front 14

when can HCG be detected

Back 14

7-8 days after ovulation

Front 15

HCG rises until it peaks at

Back 15

60-70 then it declines

Front 16

higher levels of HCG are associated with

Back 16

abnormal gestation

or multiple gestation

Front 17

slow increase in HGC or low levels can indicate

Back 17

misscariage is going to occur or eptopic preg

Front 18

ELISA

Back 18

most pop testing of preg

uses specific monoclonal antibody with enzymes that bond with HCG in urine.

Front 19

presumptive signs

Back 19

changes felt by a woman (fatigue, breast changes)

Front 20

probable signs

Back 20

cahanges observes by an examiner ( he gar sign, ballottement, preg test)

Front 21

positive signs

Back 21

signs only attributed to the presence of a fetus

heart beat, fetal movement

Front 22

what stimulates uterine growth in the first trimester

Back 22

high estrogen and progesterone

Front 23

early uterine enlargement results from

Back 23

increased vascularity and dilation of blood vessels, hyperplasia, hypertrophy, development of decidua.

Front 24

as the uterus enlarges it also changes shape and position

Back 24

conception: upside down pear

second trimester: spherical

then becomes more oval and rises out of pelvis and into abdominal cavity

Front 25

when does pregnancy show

Back 25

14th wks

Front 26

as the uterus grows it may be palpated over the

Back 26

symphysis pubis between the 12th and 14th wks of preg

Front 27

the uterus rises to the level of the ____ around 22-24 wks

Back 27

ubmilicus

nearly reaches xiphioid at term

Front 28

between 38-40 wks the fundal height decreases as the baby drops down into the pelvis this is called

Back 28

lightening

usually 2 wks before labor in nullipara

in labor for multipara

Front 29

uterine enlargment is determined by measuring

Back 29

fundal height

estimates duration of pregnancy

Front 30

what side does the uterus rotate when it grows

Back 30

to the right

Front 31

at ___ wks softening and compressibility of the lower uterine segment occurs this is called

Back 31

6

hegar sign

it results in exaggerated uterine ante flexion during the first 3 months of preg.

Front 32

braxton hicks contractions

Back 32

when around the 4th month you can feel contractions

they are irregular and painless

Front 33

three factors that decrease uterine blood flow

Back 33

low arterial pressure

contractions of the uterus

maternal supine position

Front 34

when can softening of the tip of the cervix be felt

Back 34

6th wk

goodell sign

Front 35

goodell sign is brought on by

Back 35

increased vascularity hypertrophy and hyperplasia

Front 36

friability

Back 36

tissue easily damages

can occur because of examinations or deep penetration

Front 37

passive movements of the unengaged fetus are called

Back 37

ballottement

between the 16th and 18th wk

Front 38

ballottement is a technique where you

Back 38

palpate the structure and feel it rebound

Front 39

quickening

Back 39

flutter hard to determine from peristalsis

Front 40

increases vascularity in the vagina causes what

Back 40

violet blue color of the vaginal mucosa and cervix this is called Chadwick sign and its seen in the 6th wk

Front 41

leukorrhea

Back 41

white or slightly grey mucoid discharge with a faint misty odor

never pruritic or blood stained

it fills the endocervical canal and becomes the mucous plug

Front 42

what acts as a barrier from infection

Back 42

mucuous plug or operculum

Front 43

during pregnancy the ph of the vagina is more

Back 43

acidic

3.5-6

because of the increase in lactic acid

more vulnerable to infeciton

Front 44

striae gravidarum

Back 44

stretch marks

Front 45

lactation is inhibited until the

Back 45

estrogen decreases

Front 46

does the heart atrophy during pregnancy

Back 46

yes its normal because of the increase in blood flow

returns to normal size after birth

Front 47

as the diaphragm is displaced upward by the enlarging uterus the heart is elevated

Back 47

up and rotated to the left

Front 48

by 14 and 20 wks what happens to the mothers pulse

Back 48

10-15 beat increase

palpations are normal

Front 49

when a women lays supine in her 2nd trimester it can compress her vena cava. a BP decreased of more then 30. then 4-5 minutes later a reflex bradycardia is noted this is called

Back 49

supine hypotension syndrome

Front 50

how much does blood volume increase

Back 50

40-50%

Front 51

is there an accelerated production of RBC

Back 51

yes

Front 52

because the plasma increase is greater then the RBC increase there is a decrease in normal

Back 52

hemoglobin

and hematocrit

this is called physiologic anemia

if below 11 considered anemic

Front 53

how much does cardiac output increase

Back 53

30-50% by wk 32 then declines to 20% at 40 wks

Front 54

estrogen cause the ligaments of the chest to relax resulting in

Back 54

ability to expand chest

Front 55

how much is the diahpgram displaced by

Back 55

4 cm

Front 56

with pregnancy chest breathing takes over from

Back 56

abdominal breathing

Front 57

BMR does what during pregnancy

Back 57

increase

it returns 5-6 days after birth

Front 58

what helps get rid of the heat caused by increase in BMR

Back 58

vasodilation and increased sweat gland activity

Front 59

a larger volume of urine is held in the pelves and ureters and urine flow is slowed and this puts women at risk for

Back 59

UTI

Front 60

during the third trimester the bladder is pulled out of the

Back 60

pelvis and into abdomen

Front 61

do GFR and renal plasma increase early in preg

Back 61

yes

Front 62

a side laying position does what to renal

Back 62

increase renal perfusion, increase urine output and decrease edema

Front 63

does proteniurea occur in normal pregnancy

Back 63

no

does occur during labor or after birth though

Front 64

melasma

Back 64

pregnancy mask

blotchy, brown hyperpigmentated of the skin on the face

Front 65

linea nigra

Back 65

pigmented line extending from the symphysis pubis to the top of the funds in the midline

Front 66

striae gravidarum

Back 66

stretch marks

Front 67

vascular spiders or angiomas

Back 67

blue in color they are veins

Front 68

gum hypertrophy may cause

Back 68

epulis

red raised nodules on the gums that bleed easily

Front 69

separation of the abdominal muscles

Back 69

distasis recti abdominis

Front 70

when is morning sickness

Back 70

4-6 wks and goes away end of 3rd month

Front 71

non food cravings

Back 71

pica

sign of iron deficiency

Front 72

ptylalism

Back 72

excessive saliva

Front 73

increased progesterone and esophagus and stomach

Back 73

decreases muscle tone

GERD

slower emptying of stomach

heartburn

constipaiton

Front 74

cause of pruritus gravid arum

Back 74

severe itching that may be caused by cholestasis