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31 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Two ways to ask: what time is it?
(i) Wie spät ist es?; (ii) Wie viel Uhr ist es?
trans: He is coming at [exactly] eight (o'clock).
Er kommt um acht (Uhr). ["um" is used to indicate exact time]
trans: He is coming around eight (o'clock).
Er kommt gegen acht (Uhr). ["gegen" means about or along toward in the sense that that the time cannot be exceeded - up to, but not after.]
trans: It is eight (o'clock).
Es ist acht (Uhr). [note "um" is not used in telling a person the time of day.]
trans: It is one (o'clock). [two ways]
Es ist ein Uhr, or Es ist eins. [note: when "Uhr" is omitted with the German equivalent of one o'clock, "eins" must be used.]
trans: It is half past seven.
Es ist halb acht. [In German, "half" always refers to the next full hour.]
trans: It is a quarter after eight; It is a quarter to eight.
Es ist Viertel nach acht; Es ist Viertel vor acht.
alt trans: It is a quarter after seven; It is a quarter to eight.
Es ist viertel acht (a quarter of the way to eight); Es ist drei viertel acht (three quarters of the way to eight). [Note "viertel" is not capitalized in this use.]
trans: It is 3:10; It is 3:35. (nach and vor)
Es ist zehn (Minuten) *nach* drei; Es ist fu:nfundzwanzig (Minuten) vor vier.
trans: 20:15; 8:45
zwanzig Uhr funfzehn; acht Uhr fu:nfundvierzig
The parts of the day (Morgen, Vormittag, Mittag, Nachmitag, Abend) are all masc. except . . .
die Nacht, die Mitternacht (midnight).
All expressions referring to whole days are masc. including . . .(3)
(i) the word for day (Tag); (ii) the days of the week (Sonntag, Montag, Dienstag, Mittwoch, Donnerstag, Freitag, Samstag/Sonnabend); (iii) dates (e.g. der zehnte Mai).
trans: He's coming on Thursday. (one time occurrence)
Er kommt am Donnerstag. [Note: all time expressions referring to days and parts of days may be used with am (=an+dem) - with the exception of in der Nacht, and um Mitterwnacht)
trans: The bills always come on Monday. (a regular repeated occurrence)
Die Rechnungen kommen immer am Montag [Note: all time expressions referring to days and parts of days may be used with am (=an+dem) - with the exception of in der Nacht, and um Mitterwnacht)
trans: He works afternoons (nights, Saturdays).
Er arbeitet nachmittags (nachts, samstags). [Note: Adverbs for days of the week and the parts of the day are formed by adding an -s ending to the noun; they are generally used to indicate repeated occurrences. Tags and tagsuber are exceptions indicating "during the day".)
trans: He always works on the first of January.
Er arbeitet immer am ersten Januar. [note: there is no adverbial form of dates].
The months and seasons are all masculine, but ... (2)
(i) die Woche, -n; (ii) das Jahr, -e.
trans: He was here in March. [pres. perf]
Er ist im Ma:rz hier gewesen. [Note: "im" is used with the names of months and seasons.]
trans: He was here in the second week. [pres. perf.]
Er ist in der zweiten Woche hier gewesen. [These expressions always take the dative.]
trans: He was here during the week. [pres. perf.]
Er ist während der Woche hier gewesen. [Note: während takes the genitive case.]
trans: He moved to Frankfurt in 1998. (two ways - both pres perf)
(i) Er ist im Jahr(e) 1998 nach Frankfurt gezogen. (ii) Er ist 1998 nach Frankfurt gezogen. [Note: *not* "in 1998"]
Rule for forming ordinal numbers 1st through 19th.
cardinal number + t + adj ending (e.g. der erste*, zweite, dritte*, vierte, fu:nfte, sechste, siebte*, achte*, neunte, zehnte, neunzehnte)
Rule for forming ordinal numbers from 20th on.
cardinal number + st + adjective ending (e.g. der zwanzigste, einundzwanzigste, dreissigste, hundertste, tausendste)
trans: What is the date today? (two ways)
Der Wievielte ist heute? Den Wievielten haben wir heute?
trans: Today is the seventh of June. (two ways)
Heute ist der siebte Juni. Heute haben wir den siebten Juni. [Note: German doesn't say "of" June, but rather just June.]
trans: He comes on the fifth of May.
Er kommt am fu:nften Mai. [Note: use am-formula in the dative to refer to an occurrence on a specific date.]
trans: for days, for week, for months, for years
tagelang, wochenlang, monatelang, jahrelang (formed by adding -lang to the *plural* form of the noun; since these expressions are adverbs they are not capitalized)
trans: once, twice, ten times, a hundred times
einmal, zweimal, zehnmal, hundertmal [note: (i) formed by adding -mal to cardinal number; (ii) only exception - einmal (not einsmal); (iii) German never uses Zeit or indefinite article.
trans: You did it the last time.
Das letzte Mal hast du es gemacht. [Again, German never uses "Zeit" in this context.]
trans: We always see them in May. (rule?)
Wir sehen sie immer im Mai [rule: general time expressions come before specific time expressions]
trans: They arrived yesterday at 8 o'clock. (rule?) [past]
See kamen gestern um 8 Uhr an. [rule: in general, larger unites of time precede more specific units of time]