Ch 6 Medical Terminology

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Blood is made up of :

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Plasma (liquid) and blood cells (solid)

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erythrocytes

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red blood cells

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leukocytes

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white blood cells

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thrombocytes

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platelets

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Hemocytoblast

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stem cell- the beginning of all the blood cells

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Hematopoiesis

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growing and maturing of all the blood cells

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erythropoiesis

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growing and maturing of red blood cells

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leukopoiesis

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growing and maturing of white blood cells

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thrombopoiesis

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growing and maturing of platelets

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reticulocyte

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an immature red blood cell

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Erythrocytes

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contain hemoglobin which gives the cell its red color; hemoglobin carries oxygen to the body tissues

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Leukocytes

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Protect the body against foreign and bacterial substances.

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The 5 kinds of leukocytes are:

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neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes

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Thrombocytes

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Responsible for clotting blood.

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Plasma

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Allows the chemical communication between all body cells.

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Plasma proteins are :

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albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen

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Blood serum is:

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Blood plasma without fibrinogen

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Parts of the Lymph system are:

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fluid, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and tonsils.

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Lymph is:

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Fluid

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Lymph Vessels:

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Network of transporting structures

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Lymph nodes:

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Filter

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Spleen:

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Filters, destroys old red blood cells, stores healthy blood cells

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Thymus

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Changes lymphocytes to T cells

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Tonsils

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Filter, protect upper respiratory structures, and help with the development of white blood cells

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Acquired immune system

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Develops by being exposed by antigens over a lifetime.

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T-Cell

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From thymus gland directly attacks the antigen

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B-Cell

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From Bone Marrow, produces antibodies that destroy the antigen.

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There are 4 blood types:

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A,B, AB, O

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O

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Universal Donor

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AB

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Universal Acceptor

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Anemia occurs when:

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Decreased red blood cells, decrease in hemoglobin, or decrease in hematocrit.

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normocytic

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(normal cell) normal cell (RBC)

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normochromic

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(normal color) normal of hemoglobin (RBC)

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Macrocytic

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(Large cell)- larger than normal (RBC)

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Microcytic

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(Small cell)- small than normal (RBC)

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Hypochromic

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(low color) decreased amount of hemoglobin

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Anemia means:

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The patients has low hemoglobin /low number of red blood cells.

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AIDS

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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HIV

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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Lymphadenopathy

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Disease of the lymph glands , the lay/common term is swollen glands.

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Opportunistic Infections

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Key of when HIV diagnosis becomes AIDS.

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Two opportunistic infections associated with AIDS are:

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Karposi's Sarcoma and Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia

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Autoimmune Diseases

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The body Produces antobodies against antigens found in their own cells, resulting in tissue injury.

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exacerbations

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flare-up (gets worse)

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latent periods

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remissions

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Edema

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Swelling, from abnormal accumulation of fluids in spaces between cells in the body.

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Hemophilia

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A hereditary condition in which blood does bot clot properly.

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Infectious Mononucleosis

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Causes by the Epstein-Barr Virus the main signs and symptoms are sore throat, fever and swollen, and Cervical lymph nodes. May by associated with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

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Allergy

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an abnormal acquired immune response to an antigen resulting in an allergic response.

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Leukemia

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Cancer of the blood-forming organs (bone marrow) (excessive increase in white blood cells)

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Hodgkin's Disease

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Cancer of the lymph nodes

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Rh

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Named after the Rhesus monkeys, means there is an antigen on the red blood cell. Problem, if mom is negative and mom is positive- RhoGam injections now destroy those antibodies.

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Plateletpheresis

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removal of platelets. Platelets are giving to the sick person, rest is giving back to the donor.

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Plasmapheresis

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removal of plasma the donor gives blood- plasma removed given to sick person and rest returned.

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Septicemia

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bacteria in the blood

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PTT

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Preoperative screening for bleeding tendencies

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CBC

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Series of tests that include hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC count, WBC count, etc,

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Differential count

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diff kinds of white blood cells are counted and %s reported of the total

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Sed rate

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Increase indicates inflammatory disease, cancer, or pregnancy, decrease indicates liver disease

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Hemoglobin

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measurement of the amount hemoglobin- decrease indicates anemia

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Hematocrit

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measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a sample of whole blood

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prothrombin time/PT/ Pro time

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used to manage patients taking anticoagulant medicines

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Autologous transfusion

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you own blood

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homologous transfusion

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someone else's blood

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Anticoagulants

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"blood thinners" ex. Heparin, Coumadin, Warfarin, aspirin.

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CBC

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Complete Blood Count

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HCT, Hct

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Hematocrit

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HGB, Hgb, Hb

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Hemoglobin

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PT, protime

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Prothrombine time

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RBC

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Red Blood Cell

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WBC

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White Blood Cell