Ch. 6 Learning

Front 1

learning

Back 1

change in an organisms behavior or thought as a result of experience

Front 2

habituation

Back 2

process of responding less strongly over time to repeated stimuli

Front 3

classical conditioning

Back 3

form of learning in which animals come to respond to a previously neutral stimulus that had been paired with another stimulus that elicits an autonomic response

Front 4

conditioned stimulus

Back 4

initially neutral stimulus

Front 5

unconditioned stimulus

Back 5

stimulus that elicits an autonomic response

Front 6

unconditioned response

Back 6

autonomic response to a nonneutral stimulus that does not need to be learned

Front 7

conditioned response

Back 7

response previously associated with a nonneutral stimulus that is elicited by a neutral stimulus through conditioning

Front 8

acquisition

Back 8

learning phase during which a conditioned response is established

Front 9

extinction

Back 9

gradual reduction and eventual elimination of the conditioned response after the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus

Front 10

spontaneous recovery

Back 10

sudden reemergence of an extinct conditioned response after a delay in exposure to the conditioned stimulus

Front 11

renewal effect

Back 11

sudden reemergence of a conditioned response following extinction when an animal is returned to the environment in which the conditioned response was acquired

Front 12

stimulus generalization

Back 12

process by which conditioned stimuli similar but not identical to the original conditioned stimulus elicit a conditioned response

Front 13

stimulus discrimination

Back 13

displaying a less pronounced conditioned response to conditioned stimuli that differ from the original conditioned stimulus

Front 14

higher-order conditioning

Back 14

developing a conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus by virtue of its association with another conditioned stimulus

Front 15

latent inhibition

Back 15

difficulty in establishing classical conditioning to a conditioned stimulus we've repeatedly experienced alone that is without the unconditioned stimulus

Front 16

operant conditioning

Back 16

learning controlled by the consequences of the organism's behavior

Front 17

law of effect

Back 17

principle asserting if a stimulus followed by a behavior results in a reward the stimulus is more likely to elicit the behavior in the future

Front 18

insight

Back 18

grasping the nature of a problem

Front 19

skinner box

Back 19

small animal chamber constructed by skinner to allow sustained periods of conditioning to be administered and behaviors to be recorded unsupervised

Front 20

reinforcement

Back 20

outcome or consequence of a behavior that strengthens the probability of the behavior

Front 21

positive reinforcement

Back 21

positive outcome or consequence of a behavior that strengthens the probability of the behavior

Front 22

negative reinforcement

Back 22

removal of a negative outcome or consequence of a behavior that strengthens the probability of the behavior

Front 23

punishment

Back 23

outcome or consequence of a behavior that weakens the probability of the behavior

Front 24

partial reinforcement

Back 24

only occasional reinforcement of a behavior resulting in slower extinction than if the behavior had been reinforced continually

Front 25

schedule of reinforcement

Back 25

pattern of reinforcing a behavior

Front 26

fixed ration schedule

Back 26

pattern in which we provide reinforcement following a regular number of responses

Front 27

fixed interval schedule

Back 27

pattern in which we provide reinforcement for producing the response at least once following a specified time interval

Front 28

variable ratio schedule

Back 28

pattern in which we provide reinforcement after a specific number of responses on average, with the number varying randomly

Front 29

variable interval schedule

Back 29

pattern in which we provide reinforcement for producing the response following an average time interval with the interval varying randomly

Front 30

premack principle

Back 30

principle that a less frequently performed behavior can be increased in frequency by reinforcing it with a more frequent behavior

Front 31

latent learning

Back 31

learning thats not directly observable