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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Cell Theory |
The products produced from cells are the unit structures and function in organisms. Also, all cells are made from pre-existing cells. |
1.) Created in the early 1800's. 2.) Consists of two different facts. |
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Prokaryotes |
They are very small, simple, and abundant bacterial cells. |
1.) One of two types of cells. 2.) Does not contain a closed nucleus. |
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Eukaryotes |
They are large and multicellular organisms that have a complex structure. |
1.) They contain a nucleus, unlike Prokaryotes. 2.) Examples of this would be, plants, fungi, and animals like you! |
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Nucleus |
An enclosed structure in the membrane that houses the cells DNA. Is known as the most important part of the cell. |
1.) Eukaryotes have this, but Prokaryotes don't. 2.) Houses chromosomes. |
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Chromosome |
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Nucleoid |
It is a section of a prokaryotic cell where huge, singular and circular chromosomes attaches to the plasma membrane. |
1.) This is not in a eukaryotic cell. 2.) <---- Picture |
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Plasmids |
Are tiny, circular DNA molecules that have genes to assist bacteria in surviving in specific conditions. |
1.) Is similar to a nucleoid, except there is less. 2.) <---- Picture 3.) Remember, Bioshock! |
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Flagella |
They are lengthy, whip-like tails that are made up of protein that rotate to move cells through fluid. |
1.) Cillia are just very small, and many of these. 2.) <---- Picture |
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Cell/Plasma Membrane |
It is found in all eukaryotes, and is located in the phospholipid bilayer. It controls what enters and exits the cell.
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1.) Imaginge a bouncer. If he/she likes you, you're in! If he/she doesn't like you, see ya buddy! 2.) Controls the amount of molecules that need to be in the cell. |
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Cell Wall |
They are made of cellulose along with other complex carbs. They are found mainly in plants and fungi, but they are also found in some protists. This gives support and protection for the cell.
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1.) Found in plant cells, but NOT animal cells.
2.) Image |
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Ribosomes |
These are found in all types of cells. They are responsible for making protein, and are the "protein synthesizers" for the cell.
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1.) These connect the amino acid to make a long string of chains. 2.) They are usually found floating in the cytosol.
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Cytoplasm |
This is the fluid that inside a cell that is contained by the cell membrane. In prokaryotic organisms, the entirety of the cell are in this. In eukaryotic organisms the cell nucleus is the only thing not submerged in cytoplasm.
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1.) Glycolysis occurs in this.
2.) Image |
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Cytosol |
This is the "intercellular fluid" inside the cytoplasm. The cell's organelles are found in this. In a prokaryotic cell the majority of chem. reactions take place in this, but some do not. In eukaryotic cells this is found inside the cytoplasm, but the cell nucleus is separate.
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1.) This is usually confused with cytoplasm.
2.) Made up mostly of water. |
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Organelles |
They are tiny, functional, membrane bound structures located in the cell. These are found in eukaryotic cells, but not prokaryotic cells.
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1.) In a eukaryotic cell, this is suspended in the cytoplasm.
2.) |
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Nucleolus |
This is a round figure located in the nucleus inside a eukaryotic cell. This synthesizes RNA, which is then sent to other parts of the cell to combine into entire ribosomes
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1.) Is an important component to making proteins. 2.) Image |
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Cytoskeleton |
It is the combination of microfilaments and microtubles. The main job of this is to provide structure, and "to connect every organelle to every part of the cell membrane
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1.) Often confused with cytoplasm and cytosol.
2.) Help to make protofilaments. |
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Microtubules |
They are thick, strong spirals "of thousands of subunits". They are proteins that help cell structure and movement.
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1.) Are usually affiliated with microfilaments.
2.) Image |
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Microfilaments |
They are long, thin, and stringy proteins that are mainly actin. These are found in the majority of cells. They help to make the structure that lets a cell hold its shape, move around, and move its organelles.
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1.) Are usually affiliated with microtubles.
2.) Image |
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Rough ER |
It is one of two types of endoplasmic reticulum, and is a "packing organelle". It is found on the surface of a ribosome.
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1.) It is the opposite of Smooth ER.
2.) Has bumpy membranes unlike Smooth ER. |
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Smooth ER |
It is one of two types of endoplasmic reticulum, and is a "packing organelle". Very similar to Rough ER, except that there are no ribosomes on it's surface.
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1.) Looks like a tube.
2.) Has a double membrane like Rough ER. |
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Golgi Apparatus |
Is a packing organelle like Smooth and Rough ER. It is a pile of membrane sacs. It's job is to combine simple molecules to make complex molecules. It then stacks these into vesicles.
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1.) Is involved in Exocytosis.
2.) Image |
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Vesicles |
They are spherical membrane bubbles that cut off the Golgi Apparatus and bonds with the plasma membrane or other organelles.
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1.) Is fluid in the phospholipid bilayer.
2.) Can form through Exocytosis. |
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Lysosomes |
These are specialized vesicles in eukaryotic (animal) cells. They have enzymes that are good for digesting old macromolecules and food.
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1.) They hold enzymes that were made by the cell.
2.) Image |
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Vacuoles |
They are very big structures found in plant cells. Their main function is to store water, organic acids, enzymes, salts, and pigments.
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1.) Are storage bubbles.
2.) Image |
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Centrioles |
They are located in animals, and some algae. They are structures that hold microtubules that is involved in cell reproduction.
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1.) Every animal cell has two of these.
2.) They use processes mitosis and meiosis. |
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Cilia |
They are small and microscopic organelles found in eukaryotes. They are found on nearly every animal cell.
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1.) Combined with flagella, it makes a group of organelles called undulipodia.
2.) Image |
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Mitochondria |
They are involved in all eukaryotic cells. They are used during cellular respiration.
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1.) It is an organelle that is usually found in big numbers.
2.) Image |
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Chloroplast |
Located in all plant (and some protist) cells. They are used during photosynthesis.
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1.) Is the opposite of mitochondria.
2.) Image |
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Colony |
It is a group of unicellular organisms that work together, but live independently from one another.
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1.) This is only with prokaryotic cells.
2.) Examples of things similar to this would be a group or ants or bees. |
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Multicellular |
An organism that has more than one cell.
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1.) Examples of this would be humans and other animals.
2.) You can usually see these organisms with the naked eye. |
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Cell Differentiation |
It's how plain and regular embryonic cells turn into specialized cells. This process occurs because of a process called gene expression.
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1.) This is why your cells look the same, but act differently.
2.) During this cell size and shape changes drastically. |
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Tissue |
Each layer of cell or specialized mass. The epidermal cells ("the cells that form an organisms outer covering") is part of this.
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1.) An of this would be muscle _____.
2.) This and epidermal cells form the _____ of Hydra. 3.) The majority of animals and plants have several kinds of this. |
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Organs |
When tissues are organized, they make this. These are essential to living, and a human has many.
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1.) Some examples are the kidney and heart.
2.) Image |
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Organ System |
This is a group of organs.
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1.) An example of this would be the circulatory system.
2.) Image |
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Organism |
"A contiguous living system."
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1.) Plants, animals, fungi.
2.) Image |
