Ch 6 Cis

Front 1

1. Decision making phase

Back 1

the first part of problem solving, including three stages: intelligence, design, and choice.

Front 2

2. Intelligence stage

Back 2

the first stage of decision making in which you identify and define potential problems or opportunities.

Front 3

3. Design stage

Back 3

the second stage of decision making in which you develop alternative solutions to the problem and evaluate their feasibility.

Front 4

4. Problem solving

Back 4

a process that goes beyond decision making to include the implementation stage.

Front 5

5. Choice stage

Back 5

the third stage of decision making, which requires selecting a course or action.

Front 6

6. Implementation stage

Back 6

a stage of problem solving in which a solution is put into effect.

Front 7

7. Monitoring stage

Back 7

the final stage of the problem solving process in which decision makers evaluate the implementation.

Front 8

8. Programed decision

Back 8

a decision made using a rule, procedure, or quantitative method.

Front 9

9. Non-programmed decision

Back 9

a decision that deals with unusual or exceptional situation.

Front 10

10. Structured decisions

Back 10

decisions where the variable that comprise the decision are known and can be measured quantitatively.

Front 11

11. Unstructured decisions

Back 11

Decisions where the variables that affect the decision cannot be measured quantitatively.

Front 12

12. Semi-structured decisions

Back 12

decisions where only some of the variables can be measured quantitatively.

Front 13

13. Optimization model

Back 13

a process to find the best solution, the one that will best help the organization meet its goals.

Front 14

14. Satisficing model

Back 14

a model that will find a good- but not necessarily the best- solution to a problem.

Front 15

15. Heuristics

Back 15

commonly accepted guidelines or procedures that usually find a good solution.

Front 16

16. Executive dashboard

Back 16

a diagram that presents a set of key performance indicators about the sate of a process at a specific point in time to enable managers make better real-time decisions.

Front 17

17. Scheduled report

Back 17

a report produced periodically, such as daily, weekly, or monthly.

Front 18

18. Key-indicator report

Back 18

a summary of the previous day’s critical activities, typically available at the beginning of each workday.

Front 19

19. Demand report

Back 19

a report developed to give certain information at someone’s request rather than on a schedule.

Front 20

20. Exception report

Back 20

a report automatically produced when a situation is unusual or requires management action.

Front 21

21. Drill-down report

Back 21

a report providing increasingly detailed data about a situation.

Front 22

22. Financial MIS

Back 22

an information system that provides financial information form workers who need to make better decisions on a daily basis.

Front 23

23. Profit center

Back 23

an independent business unit that is treated as a distinct entity enabling its revenues and expenses to be determined and its expenses to be determined and its profitability to be measured.

Front 24

24. Revenue center

Back 24

an organizational unit that gains revenue from the sale of products or services.

Front 25

25. Cost center

Back 25

a division within a company that does not directly generate revenue.

Front 26

26. Auditing

Back 26

Provides an objective appraisal of the accounting, financial, and operational procedures and information of an organization.

Front 27

27. Financial audit

Back 27

a thorough assessment of the reliability and integrity of the organization’s financial information and the methods used to process it.

Front 28

28. Operational audit

Back 28

an assessment of how well management uses the resources of the organization and how effectively organizational plans are being executed.

Front 29

29. Internal auditing

Back 29

auditing performed by individuals within the organization.

Front 30

30. External auditing

Back 30

auditing performed by an outside group.

Front 31

31. Economic order quantity (EOQ)

Back 31

the quantity that should be reordered to minimize total inventory costs.

Front 32

32. Reorder point (ROP)

Back 32

a critical inventory quantity level.

Front 33

33. Just-in-time (JIT) inventory

Back 33

an inventory management approach in which inventory and materials are delivered just before that are used in manufacturing a product.

Front 34

34. Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)

Back 34

using computers to link the components of the production process into an effective system.

Front 35

35. Flexible manufacturing system (FMS)

Back 35

an approach that allows manufacturing facilities to rapidly and efficiently change from making one product to making another.

Front 36

36. Quality control

Back 36

a process that ensures that the finished product meets the customers’ needs.

Front 37

37. Marketing

Back 37

the process of determining the needs and wants of consumers and creating, communicating, and delivering products that satisfy those needs and wants.

Front 38

38. Marketing MIS

Back 38

a system that uses data gathered from both internal and external sources to provide reporting and aid decision making in all areas of marketing (market research, product design, pricing, media selection, advertising, selling, channel distribution, and product distribution).

Front 39

39. Human resource MIS (HRMIS)

Back 39

an information system that is concerned with activities related to previous, current, and potential employees of an organization, also called a personnel MIS.

Front 40

40. Accounting MIS

Back 40

an information system that provides aggregate information on accounts payable, accounts receivable, payroll, and many other applications.

Front 41

41. Geographic information system (GIS)

Back 41

a computer system capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographic information, that is, data identified according to its location.

Front 42

42. Ad hoc DSS

Back 42

a DSS concerned with situations or decisions that come up only a few times during the life of the organization.

Front 43

43. Institutional DSS

Back 43

A DSS that handles situation or decisions that occur more than once, usually several times per year or more. It is used repeatedly and refined over the years.

Front 44

44. Dialogue manager

Back 44

a user interface that allows decision makers to easily access and manipulate the DSS and to use common business term and phrases.

Front 45

45. Model base

Back 45

part of a DSS that allows managers and decision makers to perform quantitative analysis on both internal and external data.

Front 46

46. Model management software (MMS)

Back 46

software that coordinates the use of models in DSS, including financial, statistical analysis, graphical, and Project-management models.

Front 47

47. Group decision support system (GSS)

Back 47

software application that consists of most of the elements in a DSS, plus software to provide effective support in group decision-making setting; also called group support system or computerized collaborative work system.

Front 48

48. Delphi approach

Back 48

a structured, interactive, iterative decision-making method that relives on input from a panel of experts.

Front 49

49. Brainstorming

Back 49

a decision-making approach that consists of members offering ideas “off the top of their heads,” fostering creativity and free thinking.

Front 50

50. Group consensus approach

Back 50

a group decision-making process that seeks the consent of all participants.

Front 51

51. Nominal group techniques (NGT)

Back 51

a structured method for group brainstorming that encourages contributions from everyone.

Front 52

52. Multi-voting

Back 52

any one of a number of voting processes used to reduce the number of options to be considered.

Front 53

53. Decision room

Back 53

a room that supports decision making, with the decision makers in the same building, and that combines face-to-face verbal interaction with technology to make the meeting more effective and efficient.

Front 54

54. Virtual workgroups

Back 54

teams of people located around the world working on common problems.