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49 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Cabinet
Group that advises the U.S. president, made up of the heads of the executive departments.
Capitalism
Economic system i which private business runs most industries, and competition determines how much goods cost and workers are paid.
Strict Construction
Philosophy of narrowly interpreting the Constitution; holds that the government can do only what the Constitution specifically allows.
Loose Construction
Philosophy of constitutional interpretation; holds that within broad limits the government can do anything the Constitution does not specifically forbid.
Bill of Rights
Guarantees U.S. citizens specific rights, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press.
Judiciary Act of 1789
Established a federal district court for each state.
Alexander Hamilton
Was at one the secretary of the treasury, and was also the president who appointed attorney general Edmund Randolph.
Bank of The United States
A National Bank that was a banking system that was created in 1791 to support the U.S. economy.
Whiskey Rebellion
Protest by farmers in Pennsylvania against new taxes on whiskey.
Little Turtle
He was a Miami Indian Chief known as Little Turtle, in which his forces soundly defeated the U.S. troops in a battle along the Wabash river in what is now known as Indiana.
Anthony Wayne
He was a Revolutionary War hero who organized and led the forces of President Washington.
Battle of Fallen Timbers
Battle near present-day Toledo, Ohio, between U.S. troops and an American Indian confederation; opened some Indian lands to settlement.
Treaty of Greenville
Agreement between American Indian confederation leaders and the U.S. government that gave the United States much of the land in the present-day Ohio and parts of Indiana in exchange for $20,000 worth of goods and formal acknowledgment of Indian claims to other lands.
Impressment
British practice in the early 1800's of kidnapping American sailors to force them to serve in the British navy.
Right of Deposit
Right to transfer goods at a destination without having to pay duties on the cargo.
Sectionalism
Loyalty to a particular part of the country.
French Revolution
French rebellion begun in 1789 in which the French people overthrew the monarchy and made the country a republic.
Edmond Genet
A young French diplomat who hoped to organize "revolutionary clubs" and persuade Americans to honor their 1778 military alliance treaty with France.
John Jay
Chief of Justice who was sent by President Washington to Britain in 1794 to negotiate a settlement.
Jay's Treaty
Agreement negotiated by John Jay in which the British agreed to give up their northwestern forts in exchange for the United States paying debts owed to the British.
Pinckney's Treaty
(1795) Agreement negotiated by Thomas Pinckney that recognized the southern border of the United States as the 31st parallel and guaranteed U.S. navigation rights on the Mississippi River.
Thomas Pinckney
Was of South Carolina who negotiated the Pinckey's Treaty.
Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand- Périgord
In 1797, he was France's foreign minister and sent three agents to present France's demands to U.S. diplomats.
XYZ affair
Incident in which French agents demanded a bribe and loan from U.S. diplomats in exchange for discussing an agreement that French privateers would no longer attack American ships.
Alien and Sedition Acts
Laws passed by a Federalist-dominated Congress making it easier to deport foreigners and illegal to print or speak words hostile to the government.
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
Statements passed in 1798 and 1799 that denounced the Alien and Sedition Acts.
Judicial Review
Power of the courts to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.
Aaron Burr
Was a U.S. senator from New York, and was against Federalists John Adams and Charles Pinckney for the presidency.
Twelfth Amendment
Constitutional amendment that created a separate ballot for president and vice president.
John Marshall
Was of Virginia who was selected as Chief Justice of the United States by President John Adams.
Marbury vs. Madison
Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review.
Louisiana Purchase
U.S. purchase of French land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains that has been called the largest land deal in history.
Toussaint-Louverture
Was an slave leader of the African-Americans and was a military strategist along with being the grandson of an African chief.
Meriwether Lewis
Was of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
William Clark
Was with Mieriwether and 45 other explorers in the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
Sacagawea
Was the wife of a Canadian Fur Trader and was a guide and interpreter.
Zebulon Pike
Was another explorer who was competing against Lewis and Clark in a Expedition.
Orders in Council
British acts that forbade neutral vessels from trading with France or entering French-controlled ports.
Embargo Act
Law that stopped the shipment of food and other American products to all foreign ports.
Non-Intercourse Act
Law that replaced the Embargo Act; restored trade with all nations except for Britain and France.
Tecumseh
Was a Shawnee leader who rallied Indian nations east of the Mississippi River.
William Henry Harrison
Marshalled troops for an attack along the Tippecanoe River in Indiana Territory.
Battle of Tippecanoe
U.S. victory over an American Indian confederation that wanted to stop white settlement in the Northwest Territory; increased tensions between Britain and the United States.
Battle of the Thames
War of 1812 battle won by U.S. troops, led by William Henry Harrison; broke the British hold on the Northwest Territory.
Dolley Madison
Was the First Lady (1814) who escaped the executive mansion just hours before enemy forces crashed through its doors.
Andrew Jackson
Was a General (around 1814) who arrived in New Orleans to lead the U.S. forces, he found that few preparations had been made to counter the British attack.
Battle of New Orleans
Greatest U.S. victory in the War of 1812; actually took place two weeks after the signing of a peace treaty that ended the war.
Treaty of Ghent
Treaty between the United States and Britain that ended the War of 1812.
Hartford Convention
Meeting of New England Federalists that proposed a constitutional amendment that would limit the powers of Congress and the southern states; viewed as disloyal, it weakened the power of the Federalist Party.