Ch 6

Front 1

Articles of Confederation

Back 1

a written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states; it provided a legal symbol of their union by giving the central government no coercive power over the states or their citizens

Front 2

land ordinance of 1785

Back 2

was adopted by the United States Congress on May 20, 1785. Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress did not have the power to raise revenue by direct taxation of the inhabitants of the United States

Front 3

northwest ordinance

Back 3

An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as the Freedom Ordinance) was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States

Front 4

Constitutional Convention

Back 4

the convention of United States statesmen who drafted the United States Constitution in 1787

Front 5

theory of state sovereignty

Back 5

The doctrine of divided state sovereignty was fashioned by the American revolutionaries. From the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 to the Constitutional Convention in 17

Front 6

Anti-federalist

Back 6

found many problems in the Constitution. They argued that the document would give the country an entirely new and untested form of government. They saw no sense in throwing out the existing government.

Front 7

New Jersey plan

Back 7

(also known as the Small State or Paterson Plan) was a proposal for the structure of the United States Government proposed by William Paterson at the Philadelphia Convention.

Front 8

Letters from a farmer in pennsylvania

Back 8

is a series of essays written by the Pennsylvania lawyer and legislator John Dickinson and published under the name "A Farmer"

Front 9

Phillis Wheatley

Back 9

was the first African American poet and the first African-American woman whose writings were published. Born in Gambia, Senegal, she was enslaved at age eight

Front 10

Society for the relief of free negros

Back 10

Wanted to abolish slavery.

Front 11

Henry Knox

Back 11

was an American bookseller from Boston who became the chief artillery officer of the Continental Army and later the nation's first secretary of war.

Front 12

committe of detail

Back 12

was a committee established by the Philadelphia Convention to put down a draft text reflecting the agreements made by the Convention up to that point, including the Virginia Plan's 15 resolutions. This report, when made, constituted the first draft of the United States Constitution, and much of what was contained in the final document was present in this draft.

Front 13

nationalists vs. localists

Back 13

nationalists wanted huge constitutional reforms and the localists wanted local control of government.

Front 14

Federalists vs. Antifederalists

Back 14

Federalists were people who wanted a stronger central government and Antifederalists wanted a week central government

Front 15

jay-Gardoqui Treaty

Back 15

of 1786 between the United States and Spain guaranteed Spain's exclusive right to navigate the Mississippi River for 25 years. It also opened Spain's European and West Indian seaports to American shipping. However, the Treaty was not ratified under the Articles of Confederation.

Front 16

shay's rebellion

Back 16

Shays' Rebellion was an armed uprising in central and westerMassachusetts from 1786 to 1787. The rebellion is named after Daniel Shays, a veteran of the American Revolution who led the rebels. Most of Shays' compatriots were poor farmers angered by crushing debt and taxes.

Front 17

Federalist # 10

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A political letter by james madison describing a government for the people, not based on their narrowly based demands.

Front 18

Society of the Cincinnati-

Back 18

a historic organization with branches in the United States and France founded in 1783 to preserve the ideals and fellowship of the Revolutionary War officers and to pressure the government to honor pledges it had made to officers who fought for American independence.

Front 19

San Souci Club-

Back 19

a club that was without care; free and easy.

Front 20

Primogeniture-

Back 20

the right, by law or custom, of the first-born to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings. Historically, the term implied male primogeniture, to the exclusion of females

Front 21

Virginia Plan-

Back 21

was a proposal by Virginia delegates, drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787.

Front 22

John Woolman-

Back 22

an itinerant Quaker preacher, traveling throughout the American colonies, advocating against conscription, military taxation, and particularly slavery.

Front 23

Shay's Rebellion -

Back 23

an armed uprising in central and western Massachusetts (mainly Springfield) from 1786 to 1787. The rebellion is named after Daniel Shays, a veteran of the American Revolution who led the rebels, known as "Shaysites" or "Regulators"

Front 24

Bill of Rights- .

Back 24

the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution

Front 25

Robert Morris-

Back 25

the first superintendent of finance for the Articles of Confederation who was very influential during the 1700's

Front 26

John Jay-

Back 26

A New Yorker appointed by Congress to obtain rights to navigation of the Mississippi.

Front 27

James Madison-

Back 27

was the principle author of the U.S. Constitution, and is often called "Father of the Constitution".

Front 28

Governor Morris-

Back 28

governor of pennsylvania who came up with a solution to the bad wording of the Constitution with the phrase, "We the People of the United States"

Front 29

Status of Slavery-

Back 29

Was not popular in the North. The invention of the cotton gin in the South increases the need for slaves to work the plantations.

Front 30

Federalist #84-

Back 30

written by Alexander Hamilton, notable for stating the idea that a Bill of Rights was not a necessary component for the Constitution

Front 31

Montesquieu: The Spirit of Laws-

Back 31

a treatise on politcal theory first published in 1748, had an enormous influence on the drafting of the U.S. constitution

Front 32

3/5 Compromise-

Back 32

compromise between northern and southern states in which 3/5 of slaves would be counted toward a state's population

Front 33

William Paterson-

Back 33

a lawyer from new jersey who introduced the New Jersey Plan

Front 34

Republicans-

Back 34

also known as Jeffersionian Republicans, formed to oppose the programs of the Federalist party

Front 35

Benjamin Banneker-

Back 35

a free African-American who was an astronomer, surveryor, almanac author, farmer, mathematician.