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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 key elements of the scientific approach?
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objective measurements, ability to verify or confirm, self-correction, and exercising control.
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What is the Independent Variable?
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It is the variable that is directly manipulated by the experimenter. Major focus of the research.
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What is the Dependent Variable?
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consists of the recorded info or results of the experiment. changes in DV scores depend on manipulation of the IV
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what are extraneous variables?
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factors other than the IV that can influence the DV and change the results of the experiment.
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what is necessary to be able to infer a cause and effect relationship?
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only when we manipulate the IV and control potential extraneous variables are we able to infer cause-and-effect relation.
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what is the research hypothesis?
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it is a formal statement of the research question using what you learned from searching the literature to state what you believe will occur. (it's a prediction about the relation that exists btw the IV and DV)
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What are synthetic statements?
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can be true or false. Your hypothesis should be a synthetic statement so your experiment can either support it, or not.
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What are analytic statements?
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they are statements that are always true
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what are contradictory statements?
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they are statements that are always false (logically impossible)
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What is general implication form?
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if it is in "If, then" form
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What is the principle of falsifiability?
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when your experimental hypothesis is stated in general implication form, it is possible that a result is true or false. your research must be capable of producing results that do not support your experimental hypothesis.
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What is a directional hypothesis?
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a directional hypothesis specifies the outcome of the experiment. used if you are fairly certain of results (...performance WILL BE BETTER)
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what is a non-directional hypothesis?
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a non-directional hypothesis does not predict exact outcomes, but only that the groups we are testing will differ. (....performance will differ from those who don't receive... )
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what is inductive logic?
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reasoning from specific cases to general principles....involved in construction of theories...
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What is deductive logic?
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involves reasoning from general principles to specific conclusions of predictions.
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