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204 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cardiology
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treatment of heart disease
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Pediatric Cardiologist
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treatment of infants, children, and teenagers
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Cardiothoracic surgeon
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performs surgeries to treat cardiovascular disorders
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interventional cardiologist
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performs other invasice procedures, such as angioplasty, pacemaker insertion
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vascular surgeon
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physician who further specializes on surgical treatment of blood vessels and vascular disorders
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immunology
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medical speciality encompassing the study of the immune system and its functions
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immunologists
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physicians who treat autoimmune and immunodeficiency diseases, cancer, or pts who are undergoing bone marrow, organ, or stem cell transplantation
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main purpose of CV system
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deliver O2, nutrients, and other essential substances to body cells and remove waste products of cellular metabolism
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CV system consists of:
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afteries, capillaries, and veins
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lymphatic system consits of:
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vesels & nodes & a few specialized organs including tonsils, thymus, and spleen
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Angi/o
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vessel (usually blood or lymph)
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aort/o
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aorta
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arteri/o
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artery
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Arterio/o
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arteriole
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ather/o
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fatty plaque
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atri/o
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atrium
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cardi/o
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heart
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coron/o
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heart
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phleb/o
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vein
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ven/o
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vein
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thromb/o
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blood clot
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varic/o
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dilated vein
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vas/o
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vessels; vas deferens; duct
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vascul/o
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vessel
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ventricul/o
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ventricle (of heart or brain)
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-cardia
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heart condition
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-gram
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record, writing
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-graph
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instrument for recording
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-graphy
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process of recording
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-stenosis
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narrowing, stricture
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-um
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structure, thing
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cardi/o/megaly
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enlarged heart |
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end/o/cardi/um
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inner membranous layer, lines interior of heart and heart valves |
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aort/o/stenosis
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narrowing stricture of aorta
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phleb/itis |
inflammation of vein
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thromb/o/lysis
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separation/loosening of a blood clot
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vas/o/spasm
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involuntary muscle contraction of vessel
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walls of the heart consist of:
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endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium
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my/o/cardi/um
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middle muscular layer, composed of a special type of muscle arranged in such a way that the contraction of muscle bundles results in squeezing or wringing of heart chambers to eject blood from chambers
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Peri/cardi/um
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fibrous sac, surrounds and encloses entire heart
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what are the lymphoid organs?
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spleen, thymus, tonsils
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aorta
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largest blood vessel in body
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superior vena cava
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conveys blood from upper portion of body (head, arms, & chest)
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inferior vena cava
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conveys blood from lower portion of body (abdomen, pelvis, & legs)
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pulmonary trunk
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only artery that carries deoxygenated blood
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how many lobes does the Right lung have?
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3
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how many lobes does the Left lung have?
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2
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how many right pulmonary veins are there?
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2
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how many left pulmonary veins are there?
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2
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ventricle
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small cavity
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ventriculotomy
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incision into ventricle
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atri/o/ventricul/ar (AV)
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referes to atrium and ventricle and a connecting conduction event b/w atria and ventricles
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a/rrhythm/ia
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very rapid but regular rhythm (250 - 300 bpm) of atria or ventricles
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the left atrium is ________ to left ventricles
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superior (above)
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the right ventricle is __________ to right atrium
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inferior (below)
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arteri/o/rrhexis
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rupture of an artery
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phleb/o/rraphy
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suture of a vein
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ven/o/tomy
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incision of a vein
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hemat/o/logy
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study of blood
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hemangi/oma
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tumor of blood vessels
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aort/o/pathy
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disease of aorta
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pulmon/ary
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pertaining to lungs
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vascul/ar
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pertaining to vessel
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arteries
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large vessels that transport blood away from heart
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arteri/oles
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smaller vessels that are formed from arteries
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competent
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healthy
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varicose vein |
dilated vein
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varicosities
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abnml enlarged, twisted veins
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damaged
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imcompetent
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each contraction, _______, of the heart is followed by a period of relaxation called _________.
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systole diastole |
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P wave
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atrial depolarization
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sinus rhythm
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nml heart rhythm shows 5 waves on ECG strip which represent electrical changes |
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QRS waves (complex)
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represent ventricular depolarization, conduction of electrical impulses through ventricle by way of His and Purkinje fibers
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T Wave
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represents electrical recovery and relaxation of ventricles
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Micro/cardia
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underdeveloped heart
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megal/cardia
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enlargement of heart
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arteri/o/scler/osis
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thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls, which decreased blood supply
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thromb/us
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condition of blood clot
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anti/coagulants
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agents that prevent or delay blood coagulation
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thromb/o
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blood clot
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fusiform
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dilation of entire circumference of artery
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saccular
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bulging on only 1 side of artery wall
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dissecting
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inner layer tear that causes a cavity to form and fill w/blood w/each heartbeat
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aneurysm
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ballooning out of wall of aorta
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what are 3 main functions of lymphatic system?
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1. drains excess interstital fluid from tissue spaces and returns it to circulating blood 2. protects the body by defending against foreign or harmful agents, such as bacteria, viruses, and cancerous cells 3. it absorbs and transfers fats to venous circulation. these fats are provided by aggregations of the lymphatic tissue known as Peyer patches that are present on the lining of the ileum (small intestine) |
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aden/o
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gland |
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agglutin/o
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clumping/gluing
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immun/o
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immunity, immune, safe
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lymph/o
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lymph
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lymphaden/o
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lymph gland (node)
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lymphangi/o
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lymph vessel
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phag/o
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swallowing, eating
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splen/o
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spleen
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thym/o
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thymus gland
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aden/o/pathy
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disease of a gland
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agglutin/ation
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process of cells clumping together
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immun/o/gen
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producing immunity
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lymph/o/poiesis
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formation of lymphocytes or a lymphoid tissue
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lymphaden/itis |
inflammation of a lymph gland
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lymphangi/oma
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tumor composed of lymphatic vessels
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phag/o/cyte
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cell that swallows and eats
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splen/o/megaly
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enlargement of spleen
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thym/oma
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tumor of thymus gland, usually benign
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-ation
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process of
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-gen
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producing, forming, origin
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-poiesis
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formation, production
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-phylaxis
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protection
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ana/phylaxis
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against protection
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lymph capillaries
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thin-walled tubes that carry lymph from the tissue spaces to larger lymph vessels
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lymph/ord
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resembling lymph
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-ord
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resembling
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t-cells (t lymphocytes)
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specific lymphocytes that attack foreign agents, such as viruses
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CTL
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Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
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AED
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Automated External Defibrillator |
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AICD
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Automatic Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator
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AV
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Atrioventricular; arteriovenous |
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BP
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Blood Pressure |
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CA
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Cancer; chronological age; cardiac arrest |
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CABG
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Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
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CAD
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coronary artery disease
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CC
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cardiac catherization; chief complaint
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CHB
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Complete Heart Block
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CHF
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Congestive Heart Failure
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CV
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Cardiovascular
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CVA
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Cerebrovascular Accident; costovertebral angle
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DVT
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Deep Vein Thrombosis (also called Deep Venous Thrombosis)
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EBV
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Epstein-Barr Virus |
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ECG, EKG
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Electrocardiogram; electrocardiography
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ELISA
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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (test to detect anti-HIV antibodies) |
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ELT |
Endovenous Laser Ablation; Endoluminal Laser Ablation |
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HDL
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High-Density Lipoprotein
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HF
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Heart Failure
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HIV
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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IAS
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Interatrial Septum
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ICD
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Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator
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IVC
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Inferior Vena Cava
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IVS
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Interventricular
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LA
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left atrium
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LDL
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low density lipoprotein
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LV
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left ventricle
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MVP
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mitral valve prolapse
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PCI
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percutaneous coronary intervention
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PTCA
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percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
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RV
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right ventricle
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SA
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sinoatrial (node)
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SVC
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supeior vena cava
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Angina Pectoris
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Mild to severe pain or pressure in teh chest caused by ischemia; also called angina
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Arrhythmia
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irregulatory or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also called dysrhythmia
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Fibrillation |
arrhythmia of irregular, random contraction of heart fibers
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bruit
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abnml blowing sound heard on auscultation and caused by turbulent blood flow through an artery
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Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
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formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body, occuring most commonly in the legs or thighs
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Embolus
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mass of undissolved matter-commonly a blood clot, fatty plaque, or air bubble-that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel
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Heart Block
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interference w/nml conduction of electrical impulses that control activity of heart muscle
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first degree heart block
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Atrioventricular (AV) block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles
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Second degree heart block
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AV block in which occasional electrical impulses from the SA node fail to be conducted to the ventricles
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Third-degree heart block |
AV block in which electrical impulses from the atria fail to reach the ventricles; also called complete heart block (CHB) |
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heart failure (HF)
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inability of heart to circulate blood effectively enough to meet the body's metabolic needs; formerly called congestive heart failure (CHF)
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Hypertension (HTN)
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consistently elevated BP that is higher than 117/79 mm Hg, causing damage to blood vessels and, ultimately, the heart
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Ischemia
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deficiency of blood flow to an organ or tissue due to circulatory obstruction
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Mitral Valve Prolapse
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Condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into LA during systole, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow
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MI
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Necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; also called heart attack
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patent ductus arteriosus
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failure of ductus arteriosus to close after birth, resulting in an abnml opening b/w the pulmonary artery and aorta
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Raynaud disease
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chronic episodes of cyanosis and paleness of skin, primarily in fingers or toes, due to intermittent constriction of arterioles in skin
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rheumatic heart disease
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streptococcal infection that causes damage to heart valves and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults
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Hodgkin Disease
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malignant disease characterized by painless, progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue (usually first evident in cervical lymph nodes), splenomegaly, and presence of unique Reed Sternberg cells in lymph nodes
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Kaposi Sarcoma
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malignancy of connective tissue, including bone, fat, muscle, and fibrous tissue
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mononucleosis
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acute infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and characterized by a sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes
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non-Hodkin Lymphoma
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any of hererogeneous group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue except for Hodgkin disease; previously called lymphosarcoma
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systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
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chronic inflammatory disease characterized by unusual antibodies in the blood that target tissues of the body w/a butterfly-shaped rash that appears on face
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CC (cardiac catherization)
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insertion of a catheter into heart through a vein or artery, usually of an arm (brachial aproach) or leg (femoral approach) to provide evaluation of heart
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cardiac enzyme studies
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tests that measure levels of enzymes and proteins in the blood that increase w/an injury to heart muscle, such as from a heart attack
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echocardiography
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use of ultrasound to evaluate the heart and great veseels and diagnose cardiovascular lesions
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holter monitor |
device worn by a pt that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings (usually 24 hours) on a portable tape recorder while the pat conduts nml daily activities
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lipid panel
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panel of blood tests measuring cholesterol components to assess risk of heart disease
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stress test
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test in which an ECG is recorded under controlled exercise conditions (typically using a treadmill) to determine the heart's response to physical exertion (stress)
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nuclear stress test
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stress test that uses a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow
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troponin I
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blood test that measures protein released into blood by damaged heart muscle (not skeletal muscle)
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doppler US
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US used to assess blood flow through blood vessels and heart |
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bone marrow aspiration bx
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removal of living bone marrow tissue, usually taken from the sternum or iliac creset, for microscopic exam
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ELISA
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blood test that detects anitbodies in blood, including screenign for an antibody to AIDS virus; aka enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
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lymphangiography
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radiographic exam of lymph glands and lymphatic vessels after an injection of a contrast medium
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tissue typing
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technique used to determine the histocompatibility
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angioplasty
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endovascular procedure (under x-ray visualization) that widens or opens blocked coronary arteries to restore blood flow to the heart muscle; also called coronary angioplasty |
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percuteaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
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angioplasty in which a balloon catheter is inserted and threaded through the femoral or radial artery into the blocked coronary artery that is narrowed b/c of atherosclerosis |
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cardioversion |
delivery of brief discharges of electricity that pass across the chest to stop a cardiac arrhythmia and restore normal sinus rhythm; also called defibrillation |
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CABG |
bypass surgery that creates new routes around narrowed or blocked arteries to allow sufficient blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to heart muscle; also called coronary artery bypass surgery |
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defibrillator |
device designed to administer defibrillating electric shock to restore nsr |
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automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) |
surgically implanted defibrillator that automatically detects and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias, such as centricular fibrillations; also called implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) |
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automatic external defibrillator (AED) |
portable computerized defibrillator that analyzes the pat's heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest |
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endarterectomy
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surgical removal of lining of an artery |
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carotid |
endarterectomy of an occluded carotid artery
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sclerotherapy |
chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein |
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valvuloplasty |
plastic or restorative surgery on a heart valve to correct a prolapse or stenosis |
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lymphangiectomy |
removal of a lymph vessel |
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bone marrow transplant (BMT) |
infusion (transplantation) of healthy bone marrow stem cells to stimulate blood cell production once the diseases bone marrow is destroyed by radiation or chemotherapy drugs |
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anticoagulants |
prevent blood clot formation |
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antiarrhythmics |
counteract cardiac arrhythmias (dysrhythmias) by stabilizing the electrical conduction system of the heart |
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antihypertensives |
treat HTN (high blood pressure) |
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beta blockers |
decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking beta receptors |
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diuretics
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block sodium from being absorbed back into the blood |
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statins |
lower cholesterol levels in the blood and reduce its production in the liver by blocking the enzyme that produces it |
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thrombolytics
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dissolve blood clots and help prevent damage to the heart muscle; commonly called clot busters |
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antivirals
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inhibit development of specific viruses |
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immunosuppressants |
suppress the immune response to prevent organ rejection after transplantation or to slow the progression of autoimmune disease |
